Trademark Attorney Services
for Hershey PA
Companies.

Hershey, Pennsylvania Businesses Use Cohn Legal for Trademark Services

Cohn Legal, PLLC specializes in intellectual property protection and corporate law for startups, entrepreneurs, and small business owners. Catering to clients in Hershey, Pennsylvania, our trademark attorneys absolutely love helping companies protect their brand names and logos. Extensive experience in handling complex IP law has equipped our attorneys with the requisite knowledge and expertise to deliver work of truly extraordinary quality.

Top Questions Hershey Businesses Have About Obtaining a Trademark

If I Only Provide My Services in Hershey, Pennsylvania, Can I Still Obtain a Federal Trademark?

This is an excellent question. Ultimately, to obtain a federal trademark, it must be used in “interstate-commerce” meaning that your services must be provided in at least two States. If you are presently only providing your services in Hershey, Pennsylvania, we can simply file an Intent to Use application; The intent-to-use application allows the applicant to reserve the right to use the trademark once it is ready to be used in inter-state-commerce.

What is a trademark?

A trademark is a legal concept that refers to a recognizable sign, symbol, word, phrase, design, or combination of these elements that is used by businesses to identify and distinguish their goods or services from those of others in the marketplace. It is a form of intellectual property protection that grants exclusive rights to the trademark owner, allowing them to prevent others from using similar marks that may cause confusion among consumers.

Trademarks play a crucial role in branding and marketing strategies as they help businesses establish a unique identity and build trust and recognition with their target audience. By associating a trademark with their products or services, companies can differentiate themselves from competitors and create a distinct market presence.

Trademarks can be anything that can be visually represented, such as logos, brand names, product names, slogans, or even distinctive packaging. They provide consumers with a way to identify the source of a particular product or service and to make informed purchasing decisions. Additionally, trademarks can become valuable assets for businesses, contributing to their overall brand value and reputation.

To obtain legal protection for a trademark, it is typically necessary to register it with the relevant intellectual property office in the jurisdiction where protection is sought. Once registered, the trademark owner gains exclusive rights to use the mark in connection with the specified goods or services and can take legal action against any unauthorized use or infringement.

It is important to conduct a thorough trademark search before attempting to register a mark to ensure its availability and to avoid potential conflicts with existing trademarks. Additionally, trademark rights can be maintained by consistently using the mark in commerce and periodically renewing the registration, as trademarks are protected for a specific duration of time, typically renewable indefinitely as long as the mark continues to be used.

Overall, trademarks are essential tools for businesses to protect their brand identity, distinguish their goods or services, and establish a strong presence in the marketplace.

Is there a difference between a trademark and service mark?

Yes, there is a distinction between a trademark and a service mark. While both serve the purpose of identifying and distinguishing the source of goods or services, they are used in different contexts. A trademark is used to identify and protect distinctive signs, symbols, or names associated with tangible goods, such as physical products that are manufactured, distributed, or sold. On the other hand, a service mark is specifically used to identify and protect the source of services provided by a business.

The main difference lies in the nature of the offerings. Trademarks are associated with products that are tangible and can be bought or sold, whereas service marks are linked to services that are intangible and involve activities performed for the benefit of customers. For example, a trademark can be a logo or brand name used on a physical product like shoes, while a service mark can be a logo or brand name used by a law firm to offer legal services.

Despite the distinction in terminology, both trademarks and service marks are governed by similar legal principles and protection mechanisms. In many jurisdictions, including the United States, the term “trademark” is often used as a broad category encompassing both trademarks and service marks.

What’s the difference between the ® and TM symbols?

The ® symbol, commonly known as the “registered trademark symbol,” is used to indicate that a trademark has been officially registered with the relevant trademark office in a particular jurisdiction. It provides notice to others that the mark is protected by law and helps prevent unauthorized use or infringement. The ® symbol is typically used with registered trademarks for goods or services that are associated with physical products.

On the other hand, the TM symbol, often referred to as the “trademark symbol,” is used to indicate that a person or business is claiming rights to a trademark, even if it has not been officially registered. It is commonly used to assert common law trademark rights or to signify that the owner intends to seek registration for the mark in the future. The TM symbol can be used with both trademarks and service marks, regardless of whether they are registered or not.

The use of these symbols is not mandatory in all jurisdictions, but it is recommended as a best practice to provide notice and deter potential infringers. It is important to note that using the ® symbol without a valid registration may result in legal consequences, so it should only be used with properly registered trademarks.

How can I determine if a trademark is available?

Determining the availability of a trademark involves conducting a comprehensive trademark search to assess the likelihood of conflicts with existing marks. It is a crucial step before proceeding with the registration process to avoid potential legal issues and ensure that the desired mark can be protected.

A trademark search involves examining existing trademarks registered with the relevant trademark office, as well as common law trademarks and other sources of potential conflicts. This search helps identify similar or identical marks that may already be in use for related goods or services. It is recommended to consult with a trademark attorney or use specialized online search tools to conduct a thorough search.

During the search, various factors should be considered, such as the similarity of the marks, the relatedness of the goods or services, and the likelihood of confusion among consumers. If similar marks are found, it may be necessary to assess the strength of the mark, the geographic scope of its use, and any coexistence agreements or previous legal decisions related to the marks in question.

While a comprehensive search cannot guarantee absolute certainty of availability, it significantly reduces the risk of potential conflicts and provides a basis for making informed decisions regarding trademark registration. It is advisable to seek professional guidance from a trademark attorney, who can analyze the search results and provide expert advice on the availability and registrability of the desired trademark.

Do I need to sell a product or service to obtain a registered trademark?

No, it is not necessary to sell a product or provide a service to obtain a registered trademark. Trademark protection can be sought for both goods and services, whether they are currently being offered or planned for future use.

Trademark law recognizes the importance of protecting brands and identities in the marketplace, regardless of whether the mark is associated with a physical product or an intangible service. Therefore, as long as the proposed mark meets the legal requirements for trademark registration, such as distinctiveness, non-descriptiveness, and the ability to identify the source of goods or services, it can be eligible for registration.

The intention to use a trademark in commerce can be sufficient grounds for seeking trademark registration in many jurisdictions. This means that even if the mark is not yet in use, an applicant can file an “intent-to-use” application, securing the priority date for their mark while allowing them time to finalize their product or service offerings. Once the mark is used in commerce, the applicant can then provide proof of use to complete the registration process.

It is important to note that the specific requirements and procedures for trademark registration may vary among jurisdictions. Consulting with a trademark attorney or a qualified professional can provide guidance on the specific regulations and best practices applicable to the desired jurisdiction.

If I only provide my services locally, can I still obtain a federal trademark?

Yes, it is possible to obtain a federal trademark even if you only provide services locally. In many countries, including the United States, trademark protection can be sought at both the federal and state levels. While state-level registration provides protection within the specific state, federal registration offers broader protection and additional benefits.

Federal trademark registration in the United States is obtained through the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). The federal registration provides nationwide protection and allows the trademark owner to assert their rights across the entire country, regardless of the geographic scope of their services.

When applying for federal trademark registration, it is essential to specify the goods or services associated with the mark, including a description of the specific services provided. While it is not necessary to offer services nationwide, it is crucial to demonstrate a bona fide intent to use the mark in commerce within the United States. This can be achieved by providing a clear description of the services and the geographic area in which they are offered.

Obtaining a federal trademark provides several advantages, such as nationwide protection, a legal presumption of ownership and validity, the ability to use the ® symbol, and the potential to recover greater damages in case of infringement. It is recommended to consult with a trademark attorney or a qualified professional to understand the specific requirements and procedures for federal trademark registration in the desired jurisdiction.

What should I register first: the name of my business or my brand logo?

When considering trademark registration, it is important to evaluate which aspect of your brand carries more distinctiveness and serves as the primary identifier in the marketplace. Generally, if both the business name and the brand logo are used together and play significant roles in establishing brand recognition, it may be beneficial to register both as separate trademarks.

If the business name alone carries distinctive elements that are not present in the logo, it may be advantageous to prioritize registering the business name as a trademark. This is particularly relevant when the business name is used across various platforms and marketing materials to identify the source of goods or services. Registering the business name provides broader protection and allows you to prevent others from using similar names that may cause confusion among consumers.

On the other hand, if your brand logo is highly distinctive and plays a crucial role in brand recognition, registering it as a separate trademark can be beneficial. The logo may consist of unique design elements, colors, or stylized text that makes it easily recognizable and associated with your brand. By registering the logo as a trademark, you can protect its visual features and prevent others from using similar logos that may create confusion.

Ultimately, the decision on what to register first depends on the specific circumstances and goals of your business. Consulting with a trademark attorney or a qualified professional can provide valuable insights and guidance in determining the most effective trademark registration strategy for your brand.

What is a fanciful trademark?

A fanciful trademark is a type of trademark that consists of a coined or made-up word, term, or combination of letters that has no dictionary meaning or association with the goods or services it represents. Fanciful marks are created specifically for the purpose of functioning as trademarks and have a high level of distinctiveness.

Unlike descriptive or generic marks, which directly describe the product or service being offered, fanciful marks are inherently distinctive and immediately serve to identify the source of goods or services. Examples of fanciful trademarks include brands like “Xerox,” “Kodak,” or “Google.” These words were specifically created for use as trademarks and have no prior meaning in the English language.

Fanciful marks enjoy a high level of protection under trademark law, as they are considered inherently strong and inherently distinctive. This means that they are more likely to be immediately eligible for registration and provide stronger grounds for preventing others from using similar marks that may cause confusion.

When selecting a fanciful mark, it is important to consider its distinctiveness, memorability, and potential for creating a strong association with your brand. However, due to their unique nature, fanciful marks may require more effort in terms of building brand recognition and educating consumers about the mark’s association with your goods or services.

It is advisable to consult with a trademark attorney or a qualified professional to assess the registrability and strategic value of a fanciful mark for your specific business needs.

What is TEAS?

TEAS stands for the Trademark Electronic Application System. It is an online system provided by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) that allows applicants to electronically file and manage trademark applications. TEAS offers different filing options depending on the type of trademark application being submitted.

There are three main TEAS filing options:

1. TEAS Plus: This option offers lower filing fees but requires the applicant to meet specific requirements and follow strict guidelines. The application must be filed electronically, the mark must be a standard character mark, and the goods or services must be selected from pre-approved lists. Additionally, the applicant must agree to use the mark in commerce and provide a specific date of first use.
2. TEAS RF (Reduced Fee): This option has slightly higher fees than TEAS Plus but offers greater flexibility in terms of the mark format and goods or services selection. The applicant can submit the mark in various formats, including standard characters, stylized or design marks, or sound or color marks. The goods or services can be selected from pre-approved lists or customized descriptions.
3. TEAS Regular: This option allows for the most flexibility in terms of mark format and goods or services selection but has higher filing fees. The applicant can submit the mark in any format, including standard characters, stylized or design marks, or sound or color marks. The goods or services can be selected from pre-approved lists or customized descriptions.

TEAS provides an efficient and streamlined process for submitting trademark applications, managing correspondence with the USPTO, and monitoring the status of the application. It is recommended to consult with a trademark attorney or a qualified professional to determine the most suitable TEAS filing option based on the specific requirements and goals of your trademark application.

How long does the trademark application process take?

The duration of the trademark application process can vary depending on several factors, including the jurisdiction, the type of application, the complexity of the mark, and any potential legal issues or oppositions that may arise. In general, the trademark application process can take anywhere from several months to several years to reach completion.

The timeline for a trademark application typically includes the following stages:

1. Filing and Examination: After submitting the application, it undergoes an initial examination by the trademark office to determine if it meets the formal requirements. This process typically takes a few months. If any issues or deficiencies are identified, the applicant may be required to address them within a specified timeframe.
2. Publication: If the application passes the examination stage, it is usually published in an official gazette or journal to provide public notice of the pending application. This publication allows third parties to oppose the registration within a specified period, usually 30 days or more.
3. Opposition Period: During the opposition period, other parties who believe they would be harmed by the registration of the mark have the opportunity to file an opposition to the application. If an opposition is filed, the application enters a separate proceeding, which can significantly extend the overall process.
4. Registration or Refusal: If no oppositions are filed or if they are resolved in favor of the applicant, the trademark office will issue a registration certificate, and the mark will be officially registered. However, if there are objections or legal issues that cannot be resolved, the application may be refused or subject to additional requirements or arguments.

The above timeline is a general outline and can vary significantly depending on the specific circumstances. It is essential to monitor the progress of the application, respond to any requests or objections from the trademark office in a timely manner, and seek professional guidance from a trademark attorney or a qualified professional to navigate the application process effectively.

What is the USPTO’s Trademark Trial and Appeal Board?

The Trademark Trial and Appeal Board (TTAB) exists to help resolve conflicts among trademark owners in these instances:

• A third party believes your existing trademark is harming their business and should be cancelled.
• A third party believes your pending trademark shouldn’t be approved because their business would be harmed.
• You want to appeal an examining attorney’s decision to reject your trademark application.
• You want to challenge a third party’s existing trademark or pending trademark.

All of these proceedings have specific procedures and strict deadlines that must be adhered to. A trademark attorney can navigate these often complex proceedings, present your best case or defense, and help you settle the dispute in a way that is in your best interests.

What are the USPTO’s “Rules of Professional Conduct”?

All attorneys who practice before the USPTO must abide by the Rules of Professional Conduct, which require that any attorney representing you:
• Has the knowledge and skill to competently represent you.
• Consults with you and keeps you informed about the status of your trademark matter.
• Does not make false statements of fact or law to the USPTO.

Make sure that the attorney you hire has experience prosecuting trademark applications at the USPTO and handling proceedings before the TTAB.

Am I required to hire a U.S.-licensed attorney to represent me at the USPTO?

If you are a trademark applicant or registrant domiciled in the United States or its territories, you don’t need to be represented by an attorney. However, we strongly recommend that you do hire a U.S.-licensed attorney who specializes in trademark law to guide you through the registration process.

If you are a foreign-domiciled trademark applicant, registrant, or party to trademark Trial and Appeal Board proceedings, then you must be represented at the USPTO by an attorney who is licensed to practice law in the United States.

How long does a trademark last?

The duration of trademark protection depends on the jurisdiction and the type of trademark. In general, trademarks can last indefinitely as long as they are actively used in commerce and meet the renewal requirements.

In many countries, including the United States, trademark protection is initially granted for a specific period, typically 10 years. Upon expiration of this initial term, the trademark can be renewed for subsequent periods, usually in increments of 10 years.

To maintain the validity and enforceability of a trademark registration, it is essential to continue using the mark in connection with the specified goods or services and to timely renew the registration according to the requirements of the trademark office. Non-use or failure to renew the registration can result in the loss of trademark rights.

It is important to note that some jurisdictions, such as the European Union, require proof of use of the mark in commerce to maintain the registration. Failure to provide evidence of use may result in the cancellation of the registration.

Additionally, certain types of trademarks, such as famous or well-known marks, may enjoy additional protection and can be renewed indefinitely as long as they continue to be used and maintain their distinctive character.

It is recommended to consult with a trademark attorney or a qualified professional to understand the specific duration and renewal requirements for trademarks in the desired jurisdiction and to ensure compliance with the necessary procedures for maintaining trademark rights.

Can I use a trademark without registering it?

Yes, you can use a trademark without registering it. Trademark rights can be established through common law usage, meaning that as soon as you start using a mark in commerce to identify your goods or services, you gain some level of protection and may be able to enforce your rights against others who may attempt to use a similar mark.

Unregistered trademarks are often referred to as common law trademarks. While common law rights provide some level of protection, they are generally limited to the geographic area where the mark is being used and where the mark has acquired reputation and recognition among consumers.

Registering a trademark, on the other hand, provides several advantages and stronger legal protection. Registered trademarks offer nationwide or international protection, provide a legal presumption of ownership and validity, and allow for easier enforcement against potential infringers. Additionally, registered trademarks may provide grounds for obtaining damages and other legal remedies in case of infringement.

It is important to note that using a mark without registration carries some risks. Without a registered trademark, it may be more challenging to enforce your rights, prevent others from using a similar mark, or expand your brand into new markets. Therefore, it is generally advisable to seek trademark registration, especially if you plan to expand your business or if the mark holds significant value to your brand.

Consulting with a trademark attorney or a qualified professional can provide valuable guidance on the benefits and risks of using an unregistered trademark versus seeking registration, based on your specific business goals and circumstances.

When should I hire a trademark lawyer?

Hiring a trademark lawyer is highly recommended when navigating the complexities of trademark law, especially if you want to ensure the best possible outcome for your trademark application or enforcement efforts. Here are some situations where hiring a trademark lawyer can be particularly beneficial:

1. Trademark Search and Clearance: Before filing a trademark application, conducting a comprehensive search to assess the availability and registrability of your proposed mark is crucial. A trademark lawyer can perform a thorough search, analyze the search results, and provide a professional opinion on the likelihood of success. They can help identify potential conflicts with existing trademarks and guide you on how to minimize the risk of infringement.
2. Trademark Application and Registration: Applying for a trademark involves detailed legal procedures and requirements. A trademark lawyer can assist you in preparing and filing the application, ensuring that all necessary information is included and that the application is in compliance with the specific rules and regulations of the relevant trademark office. They can also help navigate any issues or objections raised by the trademark examiner and provide guidance on responding to office actions.
3. Trademark Portfolio Management: If you have multiple trademarks or plan to expand your brand internationally, managing and protecting your trademark portfolio becomes crucial. A trademark lawyer can help develop a comprehensive strategy for maintaining and enforcing your trademarks, including monitoring for potential infringements, handling oppositions or cancellations, and advising on renewal and maintenance requirements.
4. Trademark Enforcement and Litigation: If your trademark rights are infringed upon or if you need to defend your mark against allegations of infringement, a trademark lawyer can provide expert guidance. They can assist in cease and desist letters, negotiation of settlements, or initiating legal action if necessary. Trademark lawyers have the expertise to handle trademark disputes and can represent you effectively in litigation proceedings.
5. International Trademark Protection: If you plan to expand your business globally or seek trademark protection in multiple jurisdictions, the complexities of international trademark law can be overwhelming. A trademark lawyer experienced in international trademark matters can navigate the intricacies of foreign trademark systems, coordinate filings, and provide guidance on the best strategies for protecting your brand internationally.

Trademark law is a specialized field, and the assistance of a knowledgeable trademark lawyer can significantly increase your chances of success and help you make informed decisions throughout the trademark process. They can save you time, provide valuable legal advice, and protect your trademark rights effectively. It is advisable to consult with a trademark lawyer early on in your trademark journey to ensure proper guidance and protection of your valuable intellectual property.

What is a trademark’s specimen?

In the context of trademark law, a specimen refers to a sample or example of how the trademark is being used in commerce. It is an essential component of the trademark application process, as it provides evidence to the trademark office that the mark is associated with the specified goods or services.

The purpose of submitting a specimen is to demonstrate that the mark is in actual use in the marketplace, and consumers perceive it as an indicator of the source of the goods or services. This requirement ensures that trademarks are not registered merely on a speculative or theoretical basis but are linked to real commercial activity.

The type of specimen required depends on whether the mark is used in connection with goods or services:

1. Specimen for Goods: If the mark is used in connection with tangible goods, an acceptable specimen may be a label, tag, packaging, container, or other physical examples that display the mark directly on the goods themselves or on the goods’ packaging. The specimen should show how the mark is presented to consumers in the ordinary course of trade.
2. Specimen for Services: If the mark is used in connection with services, an acceptable specimen may include advertising materials, brochures, website screenshots, or other examples that show the mark being used in conjunction with the offering or advertising of the services. The specimen should demonstrate that the mark is associated with the provision of the specified services to consumers.

It is important to note that the specimen should reflect the actual use of the mark and accurately represent how the mark is presented to consumers. Additionally, the specimen should be relevant to the goods or services covered by the trademark application.

Submitting an improper or inadequate specimen can result in the rejection or refusal of the trademark application. Therefore, it is advisable to consult with a trademark attorney or a qualified professional to ensure that the specimen meets the requirements set forth by the trademark office and effectively supports your trademark application.

Can I request an expedited approval of my trademark registration?

Yes, in certain circumstances, it is possible to request an expedited or accelerated examination of a trademark application. The specific procedures and requirements for expedited processing may vary depending on the jurisdiction and the applicable laws and regulations.

In the United States, for example, the USPTO offers a program called the “USPTO’s Accelerated Examination Program.” This program allows applicants to request expedited examination of their trademark application in exchange for meeting specific requirements and conditions.

To qualify for expedited examination in the USPTO, an applicant must:

1. File a complete electronic application using the Trademark Electronic Application System (TEAS).
2. Select a mark that is eligible for the program, such as a standard character mark, a stylized mark, or a sound mark.
3. Provide a detailed description of the goods or services covered by the mark.
4. Submit a comprehensive pre-examination search showing no conflicting marks.
5. Submit a statement of reasons why expedited examination is justified, such as pending litigation or potential infringement issues.
6. Agree to respond promptly to any office actions or other correspondence from the USPTO.

Meeting these requirements does not guarantee expedited approval, but it increases the chances of a faster examination process.

Other countries may have similar expedited examination programs or procedures. It is advisable to consult with a trademark attorney or a qualified professional in the relevant jurisdiction to determine the availability and requirements for requesting expedited approval of a trademark registration.

Can I trademark a phrase?

Yes, it is possible to trademark a phrase under certain conditions. In trademark law, phrases or slogans can function as trademarks if they are distinctive, non-generic, and capable of identifying and distinguishing the goods or services of one party from those of others.

To successfully register a phrase as a trademark, it must meet the following criteria:

1. Distinctiveness: The phrase should possess inherent distinctiveness or have acquired distinctiveness through extensive use and promotion. It should not be a common or generic phrase that others in the industry may need to use in describing their goods or services.
2. Non-generic: The phrase should not describe the goods or services in a merely descriptive or generic manner. It should go beyond a common description and have a unique and specific meaning associated with the source of the goods or services.
3. Use in Commerce: The phrase must be used in commerce to identify and distinguish the applicant’s goods or services. It should be associated with the offering or advertising of specific goods or services rather than being used for purely decorative or informational purposes.
4. Likelihood of Confusion: The phrase should not be confusingly similar to an existing registered trademark or a pending application. A comprehensive trademark search should be conducted to assess the availability of the phrase for registration.

It is important to note that not all phrases are registrable as trademarks. Some phrases may be considered too common, descriptive, or lacking distinctiveness to function as a trademark. Additionally, phrases that are primarily ornamental or informational in nature, or that are widely used by others in the industry, may face challenges in obtaining trademark registration.

Consulting with a trademark attorney or a qualified professional can provide guidance on the registrability of a specific phrase and help navigate the application process to maximize the chances of obtaining trademark protection for the phrase.

Can I trademark a logo?

Yes, logos can be trademarked as long as they meet the requirements for trademark protection. A logo is a visual representation or design that is used to identify and distinguish the goods or services of a particular business or brand.

To successfully trademark a logo, it should meet the following criteria:

1. Distinctiveness: The logo should possess distinctiveness or be capable of acquiring distinctiveness through use and promotion. It should not be a common or generic design that others in the industry may need to use in their logos.
2. Non-generic: The logo should not describe the goods or services in a purely descriptive or generic manner. It should have a unique and recognizable design that goes beyond a basic representation of the goods or services.
3. Use in Commerce: The logo must be used in commerce to identify and distinguish the applicant’s goods or services. It should be associated with the offering or advertising of specific goods or services and serve as a visual identifier of the source of those goods or services.
4. Likelihood of Confusion: The logo should not be confusingly similar to an existing registered trademark or a pending application. A comprehensive trademark search should be conducted to assess the availability of the logo for registration.

When filing a trademark application for a logo, it is crucial to provide a clear and accurate representation of the logo. This can be done by submitting a high-quality image of the logo, preferably in black and white and/or in color, depending on the desired protection.

It is worth noting that a trademark registration for a logo typically provides protection for the overall design and visual elements of the logo, rather than protection for specific words or phrases included within the logo. If there are specific words or slogans that are integral to the logo’s identity, it may be advisable to consider trademarking them separately as well.

Consulting with a trademark attorney or a qualified professional can help determine the registrability of a specific logo, guide you through the application process, and provide valuable advice on protecting your brand identity.

Can I trademark a color?

Yes, it is possible to trademark a color in certain circumstances, but it can be challenging. Traditionally, colors are considered to be aesthetic features or functional elements that are not inherently distinctive and are necessary for competitors to use in their own goods or services. However, under specific conditions, colors can acquire distinctiveness and be recognized as source indicators, thus becoming eligible for trademark protection.

To successfully register a color as a trademark, the color must have acquired secondary meaning, also known as acquired distinctiveness, in the minds of consumers. This means that the color should be so closely associated with a particular brand or source of goods or services that consumers perceive it as indicating the origin of those goods or services.

To establish acquired distinctiveness for a color, you will need to provide evidence showing long and exclusive use of the color in connection with your goods or services, extensive promotion and advertising, consumer recognition and association of the color with your brand, and any other relevant factors that demonstrate the color’s distinctiveness.

It is important to note that obtaining trademark protection for a color is generally more difficult compared to other traditional trademarks such as words, logos, or symbols. It requires strong evidence and a compelling argument to convince the trademark office that the color has acquired distinctiveness and functions as a source identifier.

Additionally, even if a color is successfully registered as a trademark, the protection is limited to the specific context in which the color is used. Other businesses may still be able to use the same color in different industries or in ways that do not cause confusion or dilution of the registered color trademark.

Due to the complexities and challenges involved in trademarking a color, it is advisable to consult with a trademark attorney or a qualified professional who can guide you through the process, assess the viability of color trademark registration in your specific case, and help you gather the necessary evidence to support your application.

Can I transfer my trademark to someone else?

Yes, trademarks are transferable and can be assigned or transferred to another party. The transfer of trademark ownership typically occurs through a trademark assignment. A trademark assignment is a legal document that formally transfers the rights and ownership of a trademark from one party (assignor) to another (assignee).

The assignment of a trademark allows the assignee to become the new owner of the mark and enjoy all the associated rights and benefits. The assignor relinquishes their ownership rights and no longer has control over the mark. The assignment can cover the entire trademark or specific rights associated with the mark, such as in a partial assignment.

To transfer a trademark, the following steps are generally involved:

1. Drafting a Trademark Assignment Agreement: The assignor and assignee must enter into a written agreement that outlines the terms and conditions of the transfer. This agreement should clearly identify the trademark being transferred, specify the rights being assigned, and include any relevant provisions regarding payment, warranties, and other terms of the transfer.
2. Execution of the Agreement: The assignor and assignee must sign the assignment agreement to formalize the transfer. It is advisable to have the assignment agreement notarized or witnessed to add validity to the document.
3. Recordation with the Trademark Office: In many jurisdictions, it is necessary to record the assignment with the relevant trademark office to ensure the transfer is officially recognized. Failing to record the assignment may result in complications and difficulties in establishing the assignee’s rights.
4. Notifying Other Parties: It is essential to inform relevant parties, such as business partners, licensees, and customers, about the transfer of the trademark to avoid confusion and ensure a smooth transition of rights.
5. Updating Branding and Marketing Materials: After the transfer, the assignee should update branding materials, packaging, advertising, and any other materials to reflect the new ownership of the trademark.

It is crucial to note that the transfer of a trademark should be done with proper legal guidance. Consulting with a trademark attorney or a qualified professional can help ensure that all necessary steps are taken, the assignment agreement is properly drafted, and the transfer is in compliance with applicable laws and regulations.

Can I license my trademark to others?

Yes, trademark owners have the right to grant licenses to others to use their trademarks under specific conditions and terms. Licensing a trademark allows the trademark owner (licensor) to authorize another party (licensee) to use the mark in connection with specific goods or services, while retaining ownership of the mark.

Licensing can be an effective way for trademark owners to expand their brand presence, generate revenue, and increase brand awareness. The licensing arrangement typically involves the licensor granting certain rights and permissions to the licensee, such as the right to use the trademark, the scope of use, quality control requirements, and financial arrangements.

Here are some key points to consider when licensing a trademark:

1. License Agreement: A written license agreement is essential to outline the terms and conditions of the licensing arrangement. The agreement should clearly define the rights granted, the scope of use, the duration of the license, quality control standards, financial terms, and any other relevant provisions.
2. Quality Control: Trademark owners have a duty to maintain the quality and reputation associated with their trademark. Therefore, the license agreement should include provisions that allow the licensor to exercise appropriate quality control measures over the licensee’s use of the trademark. This ensures that the licensed goods or services meet the licensor’s standards.
3. Geographic Scope: The license agreement should specify the geographic territory in which the licensee is authorized to use the trademark. This can be limited to a specific region, country, or expanded to cover global use, depending on the parties’ intentions and business objectives.
4. Royalties and Fees: The license agreement should address the financial aspects of the licensing arrangement, including any royalties or fees payable by the licensee to the licensor. The agreement should outline the payment terms, frequency of payments, and mechanisms for monitoring and reporting sales or usage data.
5. Termination and Renewal: The license agreement should include provisions regarding termination and renewal of the license. It should outline the circumstances under which either party can terminate the agreement, the notice period required, and any obligations upon termination. If the license is renewable, the process and terms for renewal should be clearly stated.

It is advisable to consult with a trademark attorney or a qualified professional to draft a comprehensive license agreement that protects your rights as a trademark owner and ensures compliance with relevant laws and regulations.

Please note that the above information is intended as a general overview and does not substitute for professional legal advice. Consulting with a qualified trademark attorney is recommended for specific guidance and assistance tailored to your unique circumstances.

If my trademark is registered in the United States, is it protected in other countries as well?

No, a trademark registered in the United States is not automatically protected in other countries. Trademark rights are territorial, meaning they are generally limited to the country or region where the trademark is registered. Therefore, to obtain protection in other countries, you must file separate trademark applications in each desired jurisdiction.

Trademark protection is typically granted by national or regional trademark offices. Each country has its own trademark laws, registration procedures, and requirements. Therefore, to secure trademark protection in a specific country, you need to follow the laws and procedures of that country.

To seek trademark protection in other countries, you have a few options:

1. National Applications: File individual trademark applications directly with the trademark office of each country where you seek protection. This requires complying with the specific filing requirements and paying the applicable fees in each jurisdiction.
2. Regional Applications: Some regions, such as the European Union, have established systems that allow for a single application to cover multiple countries within the region. For example, you can apply for a European Union trademark (EU trademark) through the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) to obtain protection in multiple European Union member states.
3. International Registration: If you want to protect your trademark in multiple countries, you can consider filing an international trademark application under the Madrid System. The Madrid System is a centralized system administered by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), which allows for the filing of a single international application designating multiple countries. This can simplify the process and reduce costs compared to filing individual applications in each country.

It is important to note that each country has its own examination process for trademark applications. The criteria for registrability and the level of protection may vary from country to country. Additionally, trademark rights can be subject to certain limitations, such as the requirement for genuine use of the mark within a specified period.

Seeking the assistance of a trademark attorney or a qualified professional with international trademark experience is highly recommended. They can guide you through the process, conduct trademark searches, assess the availability of your mark in specific countries, and help ensure compliance with the requirements of each jurisdiction.

Is there such a thing as an “International Trademark”?

No, there is no universal or “International Trademark” that provides protection in all countries. As mentioned earlier, trademark rights are territorial, and protection is granted on a country-by-country basis.

However, there are international mechanisms and treaties that facilitate the process of seeking trademark protection in multiple countries. One such mechanism is the Madrid System administered by WIPO. Under the Madrid System, you can file an international trademark application designating multiple countries that are party to the Madrid Agreement or Madrid Protocol.

The international application is based on a “home” or “basic” application or registration in a member country, such as the United States. By filing an international application, you can extend your trademark protection to multiple countries without having to file separate applications in each jurisdiction.

The Madrid System streamlines the filing process by allowing centralized management of the trademark portfolio. It also simplifies subsequent modifications, renewals, and assignments of the international registration.

It is important to note that the Madrid System is not available for all countries. Only countries that are members of the Madrid Agreement or Madrid Protocol are part of this international registration system. Currently, there are over 120 countries that are members of the Madrid System.

While the Madrid System provides a convenient and cost-effective way to seek trademark protection in multiple countries, it is crucial to understand that the resulting international registration is a bundle of individual national or regional rights. The protection and enforceability of the mark are still subject to the laws and regulations of each country where the mark is registered.

Therefore, it is advisable to consult with a trademark attorney or a qualified professional with experience in international trademark matters to determine the best strategy for securing trademark protection in multiple countries and to ensure compliance with the specific requirements of each jurisdiction.

What is a trademark office action?

A trademark office action is an official communication or correspondence issued by the trademark office in response to a filed trademark application. The purpose of an office action is to inform the applicant of any issues, deficiencies, or objections raised by the examining attorney during the examination process.

When a trademark application is filed, it undergoes a thorough examination by a trademark examiner to determine its compliance with the legal requirements for registration. The examiner reviews the application to assess if it meets the criteria for registrability, such as distinctiveness, non-confusion with existing marks, and compliance with formalities.

If the examiner identifies any issues or deficiencies in the application, they will issue an office action, which outlines the specific concerns and provides the applicant an opportunity to respond or take corrective measures.

There are two main types of office actions:

1. Substantive Office Action: This type of office action raises substantive issues related to the registrability of the mark. It may include objections based on grounds such as lack of distinctiveness, likelihood of confusion with existing marks, descriptiveness, or geographic descriptiveness. The examiner may request additional evidence or arguments to support the registrability of the mark.
2. Non-Substantive or Procedural Office Action: This type of office action addresses procedural or formal issues in the application. It may include deficiencies or errors in the application itself, such as incomplete or inaccurate information, improper classification of goods or services, or failure to comply with specific filing requirements. The examiner may request clarification, amendment, or correction of the application.

Receiving an office action does not necessarily mean that your trademark application will be denied or rejected. It is a standard part of the examination process, and many applications receive office actions in some form.

How should I respond if I receive an office action on my trademark application?

When you receive an office action on your trademark application, it is crucial to carefully review the content of the office action and understand the issues raised by the examining attorney. Prompt and appropriate response is essential to address the concerns and increase the chances of successfully advancing your application towards registration.

Here are some steps to consider when responding to an office action:

1. Read and Understand the Office Action: Carefully read the office action to fully grasp the objections or deficiencies raised by the examining attorney. Pay attention to the specific sections or grounds cited in the office action.
2. Consult with a Trademark Attorney: Consider seeking the guidance of a trademark attorney or a qualified professional with experience in responding to office actions. They can provide valuable insights, assess the strength of the objections, and help develop a strategic response.
3. Research and Analyze the Objections: Conduct thorough research and analysis to evaluate the examiner’s objections. Review relevant trademark laws, case precedents, and trademark office guidelines to assess the validity of the objections and determine the best course of action.
4. Prepare a Comprehensive Response: Craft a well-structured and persuasive response that addresses each objection raised by the examining attorney. Provide legal arguments, evidence, or clarification to overcome the objections. Ensure that your response is clear, concise, and supported by relevant case law or precedents, if applicable.
5. Timely File the Response: Note the deadline provided in the office action for responding. It is crucial to submit your response within the specified timeframe to avoid abandonment of your application. Consider submitting your response well in advance of the deadline to allow for any unforeseen delays.
6. Follow Filing Procedures: Follow the specific filing procedures outlined in the office action for submitting your response. Pay attention to any required forms, fees, or supporting documents that need to accompany your response.
7. Maintain Professionalism and Politeness: Maintain a professional and respectful tone in your response. Address the examining attorney in a courteous manner and focus on providing clear and logical arguments to support your position.
8. Seek Extensions if Needed: If you require additional time to respond, you may request an extension of time. However, it is important to adhere to the deadlines provided in the office action or seek appropriate extensions to avoid potential abandonment of your application.

Responding to an office action can be complex, and the outcome can significantly impact the progress of your trademark application. Seeking the guidance of a trademark attorney or a qualified professional can greatly enhance your chances of successfully addressing the objections raised in the office action.

How do I enforce my trademark rights?

Enforcing your trademark rights is crucial to protect your brand, maintain its distinctiveness, and prevent unauthorized use or infringement by others. While the specific enforcement strategies may vary depending on the circumstances, here are some general steps to consider:

1. Monitor and Identify Potential Infringement: Regularly monitor the marketplace for potential unauthorized uses or infringement of your trademark. Keep an eye on competitors, online platforms, industry publications, and any other relevant sources to identify instances where others may be using similar or confusingly similar marks.
2. Gather Evidence: When you suspect infringement, gather evidence to support your claim. This may include collecting samples of the infringing use, documenting instances of confusion or customer complaints, and obtaining proof of your prior use and registration of the trademark.
3. Cease and Desist Letter: Send a cease and desist letter to the infringing party, demanding that they immediately stop using your trademark. The letter should clearly state your rights, provide evidence of infringement, and outline the legal consequences of continued unauthorized use. A well-drafted cease and desist letter can often resolve the matter without the need for litigation.
4. Negotiate and Settle: In some cases, negotiation and settlement discussions may be appropriate. This can involve reaching a mutually satisfactory agreement with the infringing party, such as a licensing arrangement, coexistence agreement, or other resolution that protects your rights while allowing them to continue using their mark in a limited capacity.
5. Alternative Dispute Resolution: If negotiations fail or the infringement persists, consider alternative dispute resolution methods, such as mediation or arbitration. These processes offer a more cost-effective and efficient way to resolve trademark disputes compared to traditional litigation.
6. Litigation: If all other options have been exhausted or the infringement poses a significant threat to your brand, you may choose to initiate a lawsuit to enforce your trademark rights. Engage a trademark attorney experienced in litigation to assess the merits of your case, gather evidence, and represent your interests in court.
7. Customs Recordation: If you have registered your trademark with customs authorities, they can assist in preventing counterfeit or infringing goods from entering or exiting the country. Customs can seize and destroy counterfeit goods, providing an additional layer of protection for your brand.
8. Online Enforcement: With the growth of e-commerce, monitoring and enforcing your trademark rights online is crucial. Utilize digital tools and services to identify and address infringing activities on websites, social media platforms, online marketplaces, and digital advertising channels.

It is important to consult with a trademark attorney or a qualified professional experienced in trademark enforcement to guide you through the process, assess the strength of your case, and determine the most appropriate enforcement strategies for your specific situation. They can help you navigate the complexities of trademark law, protect your rights, and take the necessary steps to enforce your trademark effectively.

How can a trademark attorney help me enforce my trademark rights?

An attorney can help you understand your trademark rights and advise you on the best way to monitor and enforce those rights. A trademark attorney can provide counsel if you discover other parties are using and infringing your trademark or if other trademark owners claim that you are infringing their trademarks. An attorney can also help ensure that all required trademark renewal documents are timely and accurately filed, so you are never at risk of losing your mark.

Why Trademark Registration Matters for Hershey Businesses

Hershey is experiencing tremendous economic growth, which makes it an ideal place for entrepreneurs to start small businesses. Many new business owners in the Hershey area are watching every dollar they spend. Some may not want to spend money on trademark registration. It’s certainly a good idea to have a strict budget at the start of a new venture, however, moving forward without a trademark registration could hurt your brand and your business in the long run.

Imagine the following: Cedric is an outdoors enthusiast living in Hershey. He enjoys hiking along the many trails surrounding the city. He decides to turn his passion into a business and opens up a store selling hiking gear and accessories. He decides to name his store OK Adventures and gets started right away creating store signage, a website, and marketing materials.

Unfortunately, Cedric is about to get some distressing news in the form of a cease-and-desist letter. It turns out that there’s another Hershey retailer that sells outdoor hiking and camping equipment that is called the OK Adventure Shop. They trademarked the name of their business years ago so they are well within their rights to ask Cedric to close his shop and not reopen until he renames and rebrands the business.

This will cost Cedric a lot of money, and he risks losing her customer base while his doors are closed. This could have been avoided if Cedric had worked with an attorney to complete a comprehensive trademark search and file for trademark registration before he opened his business.

If you have questions about trademark registration, then contact the attorneys at Cohn Legal for a no-cost trademark consultation.

** Cohn Legal, PLLC is not located in Hershey and yet it can assist businesses from Pennsylvania in registering a federal Trademark because trademarks are governed under federal law.

Trademarks Services for Hershey Businesses

• Trademark Search Services
• Trademark Application Filing
• Trademark Infringement Defense
• Trademark a Name
• Trademark a Phrase
• Trademark Cease and Desist Letters
• Trademark Office Action Response
• Trademark Abandonment