Trademark Attorney Services
for Glendale AZ
Companies.

Glendale, Arizona Businesses Use Cohn Legal for Trademark Services

Cohn Legal, PLLC specializes in intellectual property protection and trademark law for startups and entrepreneurs. Our trademark attorneys absolutely love helping small business owners in Glendale Arizona protect their brand names, logos, and other trademarks. At Cohn Legal, we have one goal: to provide our clients with exceptional legal guidance and representation at cost-effective rates.

Top Questions Glendale Businesses Have About Obtaining a Trademark

If I Only Provide My Services in Glendale, Arizona, Can I Still Obtain a Federal Trademark?

This is an excellent question. Ultimately, to obtain a federal trademark, it must be used in “interstate-commerce” meaning that your services must be provided in at least two States. If you are presently only providing your services in Glendale, STATE, we can simply file an Intent to Use application; The intent-to-use application allows the applicant to reserve the right to use the trademark once it is ready to be used in inter-state-commerce.

What is a trademark?

A trademark is a type of intellectual property that provides legal protection for distinctive signs, symbols, names, words, logos, or designs used to distinguish the goods or services of one business or individual from those of others. Trademarks are essential assets for businesses as they help create brand recognition, build trust with consumers, and establish a unique identity in the marketplace.

The purpose of a trademark is to prevent confusion among consumers and to protect the reputation and goodwill associated with a particular brand. When a company or individual successfully registers a trademark, they gain exclusive rights to use the mark in connection with the goods or services specified in the registration. This exclusive right allows the owner to prevent others from using a similar or identical mark in a way that may cause confusion among consumers.

Trademarks can be displayed in the form of words, logos, symbols, or a combination of these elements. For example, brand names like “Nike,” logos like the Apple logo, and even distinctive packaging or product shapes, such as the Coca-Cola bottle, can be protected as trademarks.

To be eligible for trademark protection, a mark must meet certain criteria, including being distinctive and not causing confusion with existing trademarks. Generic terms or marks that describe the goods or services they represent are generally not eligible for trademark protection.

It’s important to note that trademark rights are territorial, meaning that they are only enforceable in the country or region where the trademark is registered. To gain broader protection, businesses may consider applying for international trademark registration through mechanisms like the Madrid Protocol, which facilitates trademark protection in multiple countries. Nonetheless, registering a trademark with the relevant national trademark office is the first step in securing legal protection for a brand or business identity.

Is there a difference between a trademark and service mark?

Yes, there is a difference between a trademark and a service mark, though both fall under the broader category of intellectual property protection.

A trademark is used to protect symbols, names, logos, or other marks that distinguish goods or products in the marketplace. In other words, trademarks are associated with tangible items or products. For example, a trademark could be a logo on a pair of shoes or a brand name on a box of cereal.

On the other hand, a service mark is specifically used to protect marks that identify and distinguish services offered by a business. Service marks are used to identify services, not physical goods. Examples of service marks include the name or logo of a restaurant, a consulting firm, or a software company that provides services but does not sell tangible products.

While the distinction between trademarks and service marks is mainly based on the type of offering they represent (goods vs. services), the legal protection and registration process for both are quite similar. In the United States, for instance, the term “trademark” is often used to refer to both trademarks and service marks. The symbol used to indicate trademark or service mark protection is “™” for unregistered marks and “®” for registered marks, regardless of whether they represent goods or services.

Businesses should carefully identify whether they need trademark protection for their products or service marks for the services they provide. It’s common for companies to protect both their brand name (as a trademark) and their service offerings (as service marks) to safeguard their overall business identity and reputation in the market. Professional legal advice is recommended to determine the appropriate intellectual property protection strategy for a specific business.

What’s the difference between the ® and TM symbols?

The ® symbol and the TM symbol are used to indicate different levels of trademark protection.

1. TM Symbol (™): The TM symbol is commonly used to indicate that a word, phrase, logo, or symbol is being claimed as a trademark. It is typically used before a trademark is officially registered with the relevant trademark office. Placing the TM symbol next to a mark serves as a notice to the public that the owner considers it their trademark and asserts their rights to it. This symbol can be used without any formal registration process, providing some level of protection for the mark.
2. Registered Trademark Symbol (®): The ® symbol is used to indicate that a trademark has been officially registered with the appropriate government trademark office. This symbol can only be used once the trademark application has been approved, and the mark is officially registered. Registering a trademark provides additional legal protection and benefits, including the ability to bring legal action against infringers, statutory damages, and the right to use the mark nationwide in the United States, for example.

Using the ® symbol without proper registration is illegal and may lead to penalties. Therefore, businesses must wait until their trademark is officially registered before utilizing the ® symbol. The process of obtaining a registered trademark may involve demonstrating that the mark meets certain legal requirements and does not infringe on existing trademarks.

It’s important to note that the ® symbol is specific to registered trademarks in the country where the registration took place. For example, a trademark registered in the United States with the USPTO (United States Patent and Trademark Office) may use the ® symbol in the U.S., but it may not be recognized in other countries without separate trademark registrations.

Using the appropriate symbol can help businesses protect their intellectual property rights and inform others of their trademark claim, ultimately strengthening their brand identity and deterring potential infringers. Seeking guidance from a trademark attorney can be beneficial in understanding the proper use of these symbols and ensuring compliance with trademark laws.

How can I determine if a trademark is available?

Before adopting a new trademark for your business, it is crucial to conduct a comprehensive trademark search to determine if the mark is available for use and registration. Failing to conduct a proper search could result in potential legal issues, such as trademark infringement, which can be costly and damaging to your brand reputation. Here are some steps to help you determine if a trademark is available:

1. Preliminary Search: Start with a preliminary search on search engines like Google and social media platforms to see if anyone else is already using a similar mark. Look for identical or similar trademarks that might create confusion with your proposed mark.
2. Search Trademark Databases: Conduct a search on the official trademark databases of the country where you intend to register the trademark. In the United States, you can use the Trademark Electronic Search System (TESS) on the USPTO website. Other countries have similar databases accessible through their respective trademark offices. Check for identical or similar registered trademarks and pending applications.
3. Common Law Search: Keep in mind that trademark rights can be established through common law use, even if a mark is not registered. Perform a search for unregistered trademarks that may be in use within your industry or geographic area.
4. Consider Professional Help: Conducting a thorough trademark search can be complex and time-consuming. Consider seeking assistance from a trademark attorney or a professional trademark search firm to ensure a comprehensive search is conducted.
5. Evaluate Search Results: Analyze the search results to determine if there are any potential conflicts or similar marks that may cause confusion. Look for trademarks that cover related goods or services and assess the level of similarity between your proposed mark and existing marks.
6. Trademark Clearance Opinion: Based on the search results, a trademark attorney can provide a clearance opinion, indicating whether your proposed trademark is likely to face any legal challenges. This opinion will help you make an informed decision about proceeding with the registration.
7. International Considerations: If you plan to use the trademark internationally, conduct searches in the relevant countries or consider international trademark registration options such as the Madrid Protocol.

Remember that the success of your trademark application and the overall protection of your brand depend on conducting a thorough and accurate search. Taking the time to do your due diligence and seeking professional guidance can save you from potential legal issues and protect your brand’s integrity in the long run.

Do I need to sell a product or service to obtain a registered trademark?

No, you do not necessarily need to sell a product or service to obtain a registered trademark. Trademark protection is available for both goods and services, so even if you are not currently selling anything, you can still apply for and obtain a registered trademark for your brand name, logo, or other distinctive marks associated with your business.

In trademark law, there are two primary categories of goods and services for which you can seek protection:

1. Actual Use Basis: This is the traditional route to obtain a registered trademark. If you are already using your mark in commerce, you can file a trademark application based on actual use. This means that you are currently using the mark in connection with the sale or advertising of goods or services. When filing under the actual use basis, you must provide evidence of your use of the mark in commerce, such as examples of packaging, advertisements, or a specimen showing the mark in use.
2. Intent-to-Use Basis: If you have not yet started using the mark in commerce but have a bona fide intention to do so in the future, you can file a trademark application based on intent to use. This allows you to secure a priority filing date for your mark while you prepare to launch your products or services. However, before the mark is officially registered, you must eventually prove that you are using the mark in commerce by submitting a statement of use and specimens showing use.

It’s essential to note that while you can apply for a trademark before selling products or offering services, the mark must be used in commerce to maintain the registration. Failure to use the mark in commerce after registration may result in the cancellation of the trademark.

Obtaining a registered trademark provides valuable legal protections, such as nationwide exclusive rights to use the mark in connection with the registered goods or services, the ability to sue for infringement, and the establishment of a public record of ownership. Regardless of whether you are currently selling products or services, securing a registered trademark early in your business journey can be a prudent step to safeguard your brand and build a strong foundation for future growth. Consult with a trademark attorney to better understand the best strategy for protecting your intellectual property based on your business goals and plans.

If I only provide my services locally, can I still obtain a federal trademark?

Yes, you can obtain a federal trademark in the United States even if you only provide your services locally. The scope of your service area does not prevent you from seeking federal trademark registration. The key factor in obtaining federal trademark protection is not the geographical reach of your services but rather the distinctiveness of your mark and its use in commerce.

When you apply for a federal trademark, you must use the mark in “interstate commerce.” This means that your mark is being used or intended to be used in connection with services that are offered across state lines or in multiple states. The use of the internet, advertising, or offering services to customers outside your local area may be sufficient to demonstrate interstate commerce.

For example, if you provide legal services exclusively in a particular city or region, but you advertise your services on a website accessible to customers from other states or offer your services to clients residing in other states, your services can be considered as being used in interstate commerce.

It’s important to understand that obtaining a federal trademark provides broader protection and numerous advantages, even if your services are currently localized. Federal trademark registration grants you nationwide exclusive rights to use the mark in connection with the specified services, and it provides a legal presumption of your ownership and the validity of the mark, which can be beneficial in legal disputes.

If you anticipate expanding your services beyond your local area in the future, securing federal trademark registration early can help protect your brand as you grow. Additionally, having a federal trademark can deter potential infringers, as it signals that you are serious about protecting your intellectual property rights.

As with any trademark application, it is crucial to conduct a comprehensive search to ensure that your proposed mark is distinct and not likely to be confused with existing trademarks. Consulting with a trademark attorney can help you navigate the registration process, assess the strength of your mark, and determine the best strategy to protect your brand effectively.

What should I register first: the name of my business or my brand logo?

When considering trademark registration, it’s essential to understand that both the name of your business (a wordmark) and your brand logo (a design mark) can be registered as separate trademarks. The decision of what to register first depends on various factors related to your business and branding strategy.

1. Priority of Use: If your business is already using a particular name in commerce and it is an integral part of your brand identity, it might be prudent to prioritize registering the business name as a wordmark. Trademark rights are often established based on first use in commerce, and registering the name early can help protect your brand identity from potential infringers.
2. Distinctiveness: Consider the distinctiveness of your brand elements. If your business name is unique, arbitrary, or fanciful (such as a made-up word like “Google”), it may have a higher chance of being approved for trademark registration. In contrast, if your logo is highly distinctive and plays a significant role in identifying your business, it may be beneficial to prioritize registering the logo as a design mark.
3. Comprehensive Protection: Registering both the wordmark and the logo separately can provide comprehensive protection for your brand. This way, you will have exclusive rights to use the wordmark and the logo individually and together. Some businesses even opt to register their wordmark and logo as a combined trademark, offering protection for the integrated design and the name as a single unit.
4. Budget and Resources: Trademark registration involves fees and time. Consider your budget and resources when deciding what to register first. It may be more cost-effective to begin with the essential element (such as the business name) and then proceed with the logo registration later.
5. Brand Strategy: Your brand strategy may also influence your decision. If your business heavily relies on visual branding and the logo plays a central role in your marketing efforts, prioritizing the logo registration might align better with your branding objectives.

It’s crucial to conduct a trademark search for both the business name and the logo before proceeding with registration. This search will help identify any potential conflicts with existing trademarks and allow you to make informed decisions about your registration priorities.

Working with a trademark attorney can be immensely helpful in navigating the registration process, determining the best course of action, and ensuring that your brand is well-protected. They can provide guidance on trademark availability, distinctiveness, and the most effective trademark filing strategy based on your business goals and branding objectives.

What is a fanciful trademark?

A fanciful trademark is a type of trademark that consists of a made-up or invented word with no existing meaning or association with the goods or services it represents. Fanciful trademarks are among the strongest and most protectable types of trademarks because they are inherently distinctive and have a high level of uniqueness.

Unlike descriptive or generic marks, which may be difficult to register or protect, fanciful trademarks are highly recognizable and memorable, making them excellent choices for building a strong brand identity. Examples of fanciful trademarks include well-known brands like “Kodak” for cameras and “Xerox” for photocopiers.

The distinctiveness of fanciful trademarks arises from the fact that consumers encounter the word exclusively in connection with the specific goods or services associated with the brand. As a result, fanciful trademarks are easier to police and enforce against potential infringers because the likelihood of confusion with other marks is minimal.

When seeking federal trademark registration for a fanciful mark, it is crucial to demonstrate that the mark is used in commerce to identify the source of specific goods or services. The mark should not merely describe the products or services, as descriptive marks may face registration challenges.

When creating a fanciful trademark for your business, it is essential to consider factors such as ease of pronunciation, memorability, and potential cultural or linguistic connotations. While fanciful marks offer strong protection, they may initially require more effort to establish brand recognition since consumers may not immediately associate the word with a particular product or service.

In the world of branding and trademark selection, the spectrum of distinctiveness ranges from the weakest (generic marks) to the strongest (fanciful marks). The distinctiveness of a mark is a critical factor in the trademark registration process, and fanciful trademarks offer the best chance of obtaining exclusive rights to your brand identity.

If you are considering creating a fanciful trademark for your business, it is advisable to consult with a trademark attorney who can guide you through the process, conduct comprehensive searches, and help ensure that your mark is both unique and protectable.

What is TEAS?

TEAS stands for the Trademark Electronic Application System, and it is an online platform provided by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) to facilitate the electronic filing of trademark applications and related documents. TEAS allows applicants to submit their trademark applications, respond to office actions, and manage their trademark registrations electronically.

There are several versions of TEAS, each designed to accommodate different types of trademark applications and filings:

1. TEAS Plus: TEAS Plus is the most cost-effective option for filing a trademark application with the USPTO. To use TEAS Plus, the application must meet specific requirements, such as providing goods or services descriptions from the USPTO’s pre-approved list, agreeing to use email for correspondence, and paying all fees upfront.
2. TEAS Reduced Fee (TEAS RF): TEAS RF is similar to TEAS Plus but offers a slightly lower filing fee. However, the requirements are slightly different, and the applicant must agree to certain limitations, such as restricting the identification of goods and services to two classes.
3. TEAS Regular: TEAS Regular allows applicants more flexibility in terms of the identification of goods and services and provides more options for responses to office actions. It has a higher filing fee compared to TEAS Plus and TEAS RF.
4. TEAS for Intent-to-Use (TEAS ITU): This version is used specifically for intent-to-use (ITU) applications, which allow applicants to reserve a trademark for future use before it is actually used in commerce.
5. TEAS Renewal: This option is used for filing maintenance documents to renew registered trademarks.

Using TEAS offers several benefits, including:

– Faster processing times compared to paper filings.

– Immediate receipt of filing date and serial number.

– Access to real-time status updates and communications with the USPTO.

– Ability to electronically sign and submit documents.

– Convenient payment options, including credit cards and electronic funds transfer.

Applicants should carefully choose the appropriate version of TEAS based on their specific needs and compliance with the requirements. Filing a trademark application correctly is crucial for the registration process, and any errors or omissions could result in delays or potential refusal of the application. Therefore, seeking the guidance of a trademark attorney can be beneficial to ensure proper completion of the application and adherence to the USPTO’s rules and regulations.

How long does the trademark application process take?

The timeline for the trademark application process can vary depending on several factors, including the type of application, the accuracy and completeness of the submission, the complexity of the mark, and the current workload at the trademark office. In the United States, the trademark application process typically consists of several stages, and the overall duration can range from several months to over a year or more. Here is an overview of the different stages and their estimated timeframes:

1. Initial Review and Filing: Once the application is submitted through TEAS or another accepted method, the USPTO conducts an initial review to ensure that all necessary information and fees are included. This stage usually takes a few days to a week.
2. Formal Examination: The formal examination process involves a USPTO examining attorney reviewing the application for compliance with the statutory requirements and potential conflicts with existing trademarks. This stage can take several months, especially if the application faces any issues that need to be addressed.
3. Publication for Opposition: If the examining attorney approves the application, it is published in the Official Gazette, allowing third parties to oppose the registration if they believe the mark may cause confusion with their own prior rights. The opposition period is 30 days. If no opposition is filed, the application moves to the next stage.
4. Registration: After the opposition period expires without opposition, or if any opposition is resolved in favor of the applicant, the USPTO will issue a Notice of Allowance. The applicant must then file a Statement of Use or a Request for an Extension of Time to file the Statement of Use if they applied based on an intent-to-use (ITU) basis. Once the Statement of Use is accepted, the trademark is registered, and the Certificate of Registration is issued.

The total duration of the trademark application process can range from approximately 8 months to several years, depending on the complexity of the application, any legal challenges or oppositions, and the efficiency of the USPTO’s processing times.

It’s important to note that while the registration process is ongoing, the applicant can still use the “TM” symbol to indicate their claim of ownership over the mark, even before the mark is officially registered. Once the mark is registered, the owner can then use the ® symbol to indicate federal registration.

To expedite the process and increase the chances of a smooth application, applicants should ensure that their application is accurate, comprehensive, and compliant with the USPTO’s guidelines. Engaging a trademark attorney can be valuable in navigating the application process, conducting a comprehensive trademark search, and addressing any potential issues that may arise during examination or opposition.

How long does a trademark last?

Unlike some forms of intellectual property, such as patents or copyrights, trademarks can potentially last indefinitely, as long as they are properly maintained and continue to be used in commerce. Trademark protection is not limited by a fixed term but is contingent upon the mark’s ongoing use and the payment of required maintenance fees.

In the United States, once a trademark is registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), it initially receives protection for ten years from the date of registration. At the end of the ten-year period, the trademark owner must file a maintenance document called a “Declaration of Continued Use and/or Excusable Nonuse” along with the required fee to keep the registration active.

Subsequent maintenance filings are due every ten years, as long as the owner continues to use the mark in commerce. As long as the owner consistently files the necessary maintenance documents and the mark remains in use, the trademark can be indefinitely renewed, providing perpetual protection for the brand.

It’s essential to understand that maintaining a trademark involves more than just registration renewal. To preserve the mark’s enforceability and prevent potential challenges, the trademark owner must continuously use the mark in commerce for the goods or services specified in the registration. Failure to use the mark for an extended period may result in the mark becoming “abandoned,” making it vulnerable to cancellation by third parties.

Additionally, the trademark owner must monitor and defend the mark against unauthorized use or infringement. Diligent monitoring helps protect the mark’s integrity and strengthens its legal standing in the marketplace.

Renewing and maintaining a trademark can be a complex and ongoing process, especially for businesses with multiple trademarks or international registrations. Many trademark owners choose to work with a trademark attorney or a specialized trademark service provider to ensure compliance with renewal requirements and to handle any legal matters related to their trademarks.

By maintaining vigilance over their trademarks and adhering to renewal and usage requirements, businesses can preserve the value and exclusivity of their brands over time, providing long-term benefits for their intellectual property and overall business success.

Can I use a trademark without registering it?

Yes, you can use a trademark without registering it, and this is known as having a “common law” trademark. Trademark rights are established in the United States based on actual use of the mark in commerce, regardless of whether the mark is registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).

When you use a mark to identify and distinguish your goods or services in connection with your business, you automatically gain common law trademark rights in the geographic area where you use the mark. These common law rights provide some level of protection against others using a similar or identical mark in the same or related industry, within the same geographic region.

Though common law rights offer some protection, they are limited compared to the benefits of federal trademark registration. The advantages of federal registration include:

1. Nationwide Protection: Federal registration provides exclusive rights to use the mark nationwide, rather than just in the specific geographic area where you use the mark.
2. Public Notice: A registered trademark is publicly recorded in the USPTO’s database, providing notice to others of your ownership and making it more difficult for others to claim they were unaware of your rights.
3. Presumption of Validity: Registration creates a legal presumption of the validity and ownership of the mark, making it easier to enforce your rights in court if infringement occurs.
4. Statutory Damages and Attorney’s Fees: With federal registration, you may be eligible for statutory damages and attorney’s fees in the event of successful enforcement actions, providing additional leverage in legal disputes.
5. Use of ® Symbol: Only registered trademarks can use the ® symbol, which provides notice to others that the mark is registered and protected.

To obtain federal trademark protection, you must file a trademark application with the USPTO. The application process involves providing evidence of your use of the mark in commerce, as well as demonstrating that the mark meets the legal requirements for registration. Once your trademark is registered, you have stronger and broader protection for your brand.

However, if federal registration is not feasible or necessary for your business, common law rights still offer some level of protection. To strengthen your common law rights and ensure compliance with existing trademarks, it is advisable to conduct a comprehensive trademark search before adopting and using a new mark. Consulting with a trademark attorney can be valuable in understanding your options and navigating the trademark registration process.

How does getting a registered trademark protect my business?

Registering your trademark is one of the best ways for you to protect your business and your brand. Once you register your trademark, your mark gains what is known as “presumption of nationwide validity.” That means it’s protected in all 50 states from infringement. If there’s a competitor or a third party using your trademark or something similar, you can bring a lawsuit against them in federal court. The court will accept your trademark registration as proof that you own the mark.

When should I hire a trademark lawyer?

Hiring a trademark lawyer is advisable at various stages of your business journey to ensure that your brand and intellectual property are adequately protected. Here are some key points when seeking the assistance of a trademark attorney is highly beneficial:

1. Brand Creation and Name Selection: When starting a new business or developing a new product or service, a trademark attorney can help you with the crucial task of selecting a strong and distinctive brand name. They will conduct comprehensive trademark searches to assess the availability of the name and its potential for registration. This step is essential to avoid potential infringement issues and legal disputes in the future.
2. Trademark Registration: Whether you are seeking to register a wordmark, logo, or slogan, a trademark lawyer can guide you through the federal registration process. They will ensure that your application is accurately completed, meets all legal requirements, and increases the likelihood of successful registration.
3. Handling Office Actions: If you receive an office action from the trademark office, which is a written response regarding issues with your application, a trademark attorney can help you prepare a suitable response to address any concerns and overcome the objections.
4. Trademark Enforcement: If you encounter instances of trademark infringement or unauthorized use of your mark, a trademark lawyer can advise you on the appropriate course of action, which may include sending cease-and-desist letters, negotiating settlements, or pursuing litigation if necessary.
5. International Trademark Protection: If you plan to expand your business globally or seek trademark protection in other countries, a trademark attorney can guide you through the complexities of international trademark registration and ensure compliance with relevant laws in different jurisdictions.
6. Brand Portfolio Management: If your business owns multiple trademarks or has a diverse brand portfolio, a trademark attorney can help you manage and maintain your trademark registrations, ensuring that renewal deadlines are met and the trademarks remain protected.
7. Licensing and Agreements: If you intend to license your trademark to others or enter into agreements involving your intellectual property, a trademark lawyer can draft and review licensing agreements and contracts to safeguard your rights and interests.
8. Trademark Disputes: In the event of trademark disputes or opposition proceedings, a trademark attorney can represent you in negotiations, mediation, or litigation to protect your brand and intellectual property.

By involving a trademark attorney early in the process and throughout your business’s growth, you can significantly reduce the risk of legal complications, strengthen your brand’s protection, and ensure that your intellectual property rights are well-preserved. A trademark lawyer’s expertise and understanding of trademark laws and procedures can prove invaluable in securing and defending your brand identity in the competitive marketplace.

What is a trademark’s specimen?

In the context of a trademark application, a specimen is a sample or example of how the mark is being used in commerce on the goods or in connection with the services specified in the application. The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) requires applicants to submit a specimen as part of their trademark application to demonstrate that the mark is currently in use and is associated with the goods or services claimed.

The purpose of submitting a specimen is to show that the mark is not merely an idea or concept but is actually being used in the ordinary course of trade to identify and distinguish the applicant’s goods or services. It provides evidence that the mark serves as a source identifier and helps consumers identify the origin of the goods or services.

The type of specimen required depends on whether the trademark application is for goods or services:

1. For Goods: If the mark is used on goods, an acceptable specimen could be a label, tag, packaging, container, or a display associated with the goods. It should show the mark in use in a manner that would be encountered by consumers in the marketplace.
2. For Services: If the mark is used in connection with services, the specimen can be a website screenshot displaying the mark in connection with the offering of the services, a brochure, a flyer, or any other promotional materials that show the mark used in conjunction with the services.

The specimen must show the mark exactly as it appears in the trademark application. It should be clear and legible, and it must reflect the goods or services as described in the application. If the specimen does not meet the USPTO’s requirements or does not adequately show the mark’s use in commerce, the application may face rejection or require further clarification.

The USPTO may request additional specimens or evidence of use during the examination process, so it is essential to maintain proper documentation of how the mark is used on the goods or in connection with the services.

Working with a trademark attorney can be beneficial when preparing a trademark application and selecting the appropriate specimen. A trademark attorney can ensure that the specimen meets the USPTO’s requirements and provides the best evidence of the mark’s actual use in commerce, increasing the chances of successful trademark registration.

Can I request an expedited approval of my trademark registration?

Yes, in certain situations, you can request an expedited approval of your trademark registration with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). The USPTO offers an accelerated examination program called the “TEAS RF” (Reduced Fee) option, which allows applicants to receive faster processing in exchange for agreeing to certain limitations and requirements.

To qualify for expedited processing under the TEAS RF option, the application must meet the following criteria:

1. Use of TEAS RF: The application must be filed using the TEAS RF form, which requires a reduced filing fee compared to the regular TEAS form.
2. Goods and Services Description: The applicant must limit the identification of goods and services to two classes in the application. Standard applications allow for up to 30 goods and/or services per class, but the TEAS RF option limits it to two.
3. E-Mail Communication: The applicant must agree to receive correspondence from the USPTO exclusively through email. This includes notifications about the application’s status and any office actions.
4. Specific Goods and Services: The goods and services descriptions must conform to pre-approved entries in the USPTO’s Acceptable Identification of Goods and Services Manual (ID Manual).

Choosing the TEAS RF option can be advantageous if you wish to expedite the examination and registration process for your trademark. Expedited processing can result in a faster turnaround time for the initial examination of your application and may lead to a quicker resolution of any potential issues.

However, it’s essential to note that expedited processing does not guarantee immediate approval. The examining attorney will still conduct a thorough review of the application to ensure it complies with all statutory requirements and does not conflict with existing trademarks.

Additionally, if the application encounters any issues or office actions that require a response or clarification, the expedited processing may be delayed until the matter is resolved.

When considering whether to request expedited processing, it is advisable to consult with a trademark attorney. They can assess your specific situation, determine if the TEAS RF option is appropriate for your application, and guide you through the process to ensure compliance with all requirements, increasing the likelihood of a successful and timely trademark registration.

Can I trademark a phrase?

Yes, you can trademark a phrase if it meets the necessary requirements for trademark protection. In the United States, a phrase can be registered as a trademark if it is used to identify and distinguish your goods or services in commerce and if it meets the criteria for trademark eligibility.

To be eligible for trademark protection, a phrase must be:

1. Distinctive: The phrase should be unique and not merely descriptive of the goods or services it represents. Fanciful, arbitrary, or suggestive phrases are generally considered more distinctive and receive stronger protection than purely descriptive ones.

– Fanciful: Made-up words or phrases with no existing meaning, like “Xerox” for copiers.

– Arbitrary: Words or phrases with existing meanings unrelated to the goods or services, like “Apple” for computers.

– Suggestive: Phrases that hint at the nature of the goods or services but require some imagination or thought to understand their connection, like “Netflix” for streaming services.

2. Used in Commerce: The phrase must be currently used or intended to be used in commerce to identify and distinguish the source of goods or services. If you have not yet used the phrase but intend to do so in the future, you can file an application based on an intent-to-use (ITU) basis, reserving the mark for future use.
3. Non-generic: The phrase must not be a common or generic term that is widely used to describe the goods or services themselves. Generic terms cannot be registered as trademarks because they do not serve to identify the source of the goods or services uniquely.

It’s important to conduct a comprehensive trademark search before applying to ensure that your phrase is not already in use by another business for similar goods or services. This search will help you avoid potential conflicts and strengthen the likelihood of successful registration.

Once you have determined that your phrase is eligible for trademark protection and is not already in use by another party, you can proceed with the trademark application process. Hiring a trademark attorney can be beneficial to ensure that your application is properly prepared, meets all legal requirements, and increases the chances of successful registration.

Registering your phrase as a trademark provides you with exclusive rights to use the phrase in connection with the specified goods or services and offers enhanced legal protection against potential infringers. It also allows you to use the ® symbol to indicate federal registration, providing notice to others of your trademark rights.

Can I trademark a logo?

Yes, you can trademark a logo to protect your unique visual representation of your brand identity. A logo can be one of the most valuable assets of your business, and trademark registration provides legal protection and exclusive rights to use the logo in connection with the goods or services specified in the application.

To be eligible for trademark protection, your logo must meet certain requirements:

1. Distinctiveness: Like any trademark, your logo should be distinctive and capable of identifying and distinguishing your goods or services from those of others. The more unique and creative your logo is, the stronger protection it is likely to receive. Logos that consist of fanciful or arbitrary elements tend to be more distinctive and receive broader protection.
2. Use in Commerce: To apply for trademark registration, your logo must be currently used or intended to be used in commerce to identify the source of goods or services. If you have not yet used the logo but intend to do so in the future, you can file an application based on an intent-to-use (ITU) basis, reserving the mark for future use.
3. Non-confusing: Your logo must not create a likelihood of confusion with an existing trademark or an application that was filed earlier. A comprehensive trademark search can help identify potential conflicts and ensure that your logo is not too similar to others in the marketplace.
4. Non-generic or descriptive: Your logo should not be a common or generic design that merely describes the goods or services. Generic or highly descriptive logos are difficult to protect and register as trademarks because they lack distinctiveness.

When applying to trademark a logo, you will need to submit a clear and accurate representation of the logo as it is used in commerce. This representation is known as the “drawing” of the mark and should capture all essential elements of the logo. Additionally, you may need to provide a specimen showing how the logo is used in connection with the goods or services.

The process of registering a logo as a trademark involves the examination of the application by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). The examining attorney will review the application to ensure it complies with all legal requirements and does not conflict with existing trademarks.

To increase the chances of successful registration and to navigate the trademark application process effectively, it is advisable to consult with a trademark attorney. They can help you with logo design considerations, conduct a comprehensive trademark search, and assist you in preparing a strong trademark application that protects your brand effectively.

Can I trademark a color?

Yes, it is possible to trademark a color under certain circumstances, but it is essential to understand that trademarking a color is generally challenging and requires meeting stringent legal requirements. In the United States, a color can be registered as a trademark if it has acquired “secondary meaning” in the marketplace, meaning that consumers associate the color with a specific brand or source of goods or services.

To successfully register a color as a trademark, you must demonstrate that the color has become distinctive and uniquely identifies your goods or services in the minds of consumers. This can be a complex and time-consuming process, as it often requires significant evidence and consumer perception data.

The USPTO has issued guidelines for color marks, outlining specific criteria for registering a color as a trademark:

1. Inherently Distinctive: Some colors may be inherently distinctive, meaning they are so unique or unusual in the context of a particular industry that they automatically serve as source identifiers. However, inherently distinctive colors are rare, and the burden of proof to show inherent distinctiveness is high.
2. Secondary Meaning: Most successful color trademarks acquire distinctiveness over time through extensive use and promotion in the marketplace. To establish secondary meaning, you must provide evidence of substantial and continuous use of the color in connection with your goods or services, as well as consumer surveys or other data showing that consumers associate the color with your brand.
3. Functionality: Color trademarks cannot be functional, meaning they cannot serve a significant practical purpose or provide a competitive advantage. For example, a color used to indicate the flavor or characteristics of a product is likely functional and cannot be registered as a trademark.
4. Non-Traditional: Color trademarks are considered non-traditional trademarks because they deviate from the standard word or design marks. As such, they undergo additional scrutiny during the registration process.

Due to the complexity and high standard of evidence required for color trademarks, it is strongly recommended to consult with a trademark attorney if you are considering trademarking a color. A trademark attorney can assess the distinctiveness and protectability of the color in question, advise on the best strategies for securing registration, and guide you through the application process.

While color trademarks can provide unique and powerful protection for brands with well-established color associations, they are not common and should be pursued with careful consideration and professional legal guidance.

Can I transfer my trademark to someone else?

Yes, you can transfer ownership of your trademark to someone else through a process known as trademark assignment. Trademark assignment involves the transfer of all rights and interests in a trademark from one party (the assignor) to another party (the assignee).

A trademark can be assigned for various reasons, such as selling or transferring a business, licensing agreements, or as part of a merger or acquisition. It is essential to follow the proper procedures to ensure that the assignment is valid and legally binding.

Here are the key steps involved in trademark assignment:

1. Drafting an Assignment Agreement: The assignor and the assignee must enter into a written agreement that clearly states the intent to transfer the trademark’s ownership. The assignment agreement should include details such as the name of the trademark, the registration number (if registered), the effective date of the assignment, and any specific conditions or limitations of the transfer.
2. Recordation with the USPTO: While trademark assignment does not require registration with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) to be valid between the parties, recording the assignment with the USPTO is advisable. Recordation serves as public notice of the transfer and provides legal protection against third parties who may not be aware of the assignment.
3. Filing the Assignment with the USPTO: To record the assignment with the USPTO, the assignee or the assignor’s authorized representative must file the assignment documents with the USPTO’s Assignment Services Division. The documents typically include the original or a certified copy of the assignment agreement.
4. Payment of Fees: The USPTO charges a fee for recording the assignment. The assignee is responsible for paying this fee.

It is important to note that the assignment agreement should be carefully drafted to include all necessary terms and conditions to ensure the smooth transfer of rights and minimize potential disputes in the future. Additionally, if the trademark is registered, the assignment must comply with the USPTO’s rules and regulations.

If you are considering transferring your trademark to someone else or acquiring a trademark through assignment, it is highly recommended to seek the assistance of a trademark attorney. A trademark attorney can help you draft a comprehensive and legally sound assignment agreement, navigate the USPTO’s requirements, and ensure that the assignment is properly recorded to protect your interests and the integrity of the trademark.

Can I license my trademark to others?

Yes, you can license your trademark to others through a trademark licensing agreement. Licensing allows you, as the trademark owner (licensor), to grant permission to another party (licensee) to use your trademark for specific purposes and under certain conditions.

Licensing your trademark can be a mutually beneficial arrangement, as it allows you to expand your brand’s reach and generate additional revenue, while the licensee gains the right to leverage the reputation and recognition associated with your trademark.

When entering into a trademark licensing agreement, there are several essential aspects to consider:

1. Scope of the License: Clearly define the scope of the license, including the specific goods or services the licensee is authorized to use the trademark for. The agreement should also specify the geographic territory in which the licensee can use the mark.
2. Quality Control: As the trademark owner, you have a responsibility to maintain the quality and reputation associated with your brand. The licensing agreement should include provisions that allow you to exercise quality control over the products or services bearing the licensed trademark. This ensures that the mark is used in a manner consistent with your brand’s standards.
3. Duration and Termination: Establish the duration of the licensing agreement and the conditions under which either party can terminate the agreement. This includes any breach of contract, failure to meet quality standards, or other relevant circumstances.
4. Royalties and Fees: Outline the financial terms of the agreement, including any royalty payments or licensing fees that the licensee must pay to you. Specify the frequency and method of payment.
5. Intellectual Property Ownership: Clarify that you retain full ownership of the trademark and that the licensee does not acquire any rights to the mark beyond the scope of the license.
6. Publicity and Marketing: Determine how the licensed trademark will be used in marketing materials, advertisements, and promotional activities.
7. Indemnification and Liability: Include provisions addressing liability and indemnification to protect both parties from legal claims arising from the use of the trademark.

It is crucial to draft a comprehensive licensing agreement that protects your trademark rights while also providing the licensee with the necessary permissions to use the mark effectively. Consulting with a trademark attorney can be instrumental in creating a well-crafted agreement that complies with intellectual property laws and addresses the specific needs and goals of your licensing arrangement.

Licensing your trademark can be a strategic way to expand your brand’s presence and generate revenue while maintaining control over the use and reputation of your valuable intellectual property.

If my trademark is registered in the United States, is it protected in other countries as well?

No, if your trademark is registered in the United States, it is only protected within the territory of the United States. Trademark rights are generally territorial, meaning that registration with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) grants you exclusive rights to use the mark in commerce within the United States.

If you wish to protect your trademark in other countries, you must apply for trademark registration in each country or region where you seek protection. This process involves filing separate trademark applications with the respective national or regional trademark offices.

There are several methods to seek international trademark protection:

1. Madrid System: The Madrid System for the International Registration of Marks allows trademark owners to file a single international application through the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) to protect their mark in multiple countries that are members of the Madrid Agreement or the Madrid Protocol. This system streamlines the process of seeking international protection by centralizing the application process.
2. Regional Trademark Systems: Some countries belong to regional trademark systems, such as the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) for protection within the European Union. Registering a trademark under a regional system can provide protection in multiple countries within the designated region.
3. National Applications: Alternatively, you can file separate national trademark applications in individual countries where you wish to protect your mark. This approach can be more time-consuming and expensive, especially if you seek protection in multiple countries.

When expanding your business into international markets, it is essential to consider the importance of trademark protection. Unauthorized use or infringement of your mark in foreign jurisdictions can have detrimental effects on your brand’s reputation and business operations.

Before expanding internationally, conduct comprehensive trademark searches in each target country to ensure that your mark is available for registration and does not infringe on existing trademarks. Working with an experienced trademark attorney who understands international trademark laws and procedures can be invaluable in navigating the complexities of global trademark protection and ensuring that your brand is safeguarded in the markets you wish to enter.

Is there such a thing as an “International Trademark”?

While there is no single “International Trademark” that provides worldwide protection for a mark, there are mechanisms and agreements that facilitate the process of seeking trademark protection in multiple countries. These mechanisms aim to streamline the international registration process, making it more efficient and accessible for trademark owners seeking protection in multiple jurisdictions.

The two main international systems for registering trademarks are:

1. Madrid System: The Madrid System for the International Registration of Marks, administered by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), allows trademark owners to apply for protection in multiple countries through a single international application. This system is based on two international treaties: the Madrid Agreement and the Madrid Protocol.

– Madrid Agreement: Established in 1891, the Madrid Agreement allows for the international registration of trademarks among countries that are parties to the agreement.

– Madrid Protocol: Established in 1996, the Madrid Protocol is an extension of the Madrid Agreement and has significantly expanded the system’s reach by allowing trademark registration in additional countries that are not members of the Madrid Agreement.

Under the Madrid System, trademark owners can designate specific member countries where they seek protection, and the international application is processed through the WIPO. If approved, the trademark is protected in the designated countries as if it were registered directly with each country’s national trademark office.

2. European Union Trade Mark (EUTM): For businesses seeking trademark protection within the European Union, the EUTM system offers a unified registration process through the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO). A single EUTM application covers all 27 EU member states, providing extensive protection within the EU territory.

It is important to note that while the Madrid System and EUTM offer streamlined processes for international trademark registration, they do not create a single, universally recognized “International Trademark.” Instead, they facilitate the process of seeking protection in multiple countries or regions through a centralized application system.

Each country or regional office still independently examines and decides on the registration of trademarks based on its national or regional laws and regulations. Additionally, the rights granted by an international registration are contingent upon the continued validity of the basic application or registration from which the international registration is based.

As the global marketplace continues to grow, protecting your brand internationally is becoming increasingly important. Consulting with a trademark attorney familiar with international trademark laws can help you navigate the complexities of international trademark registration, maximize protection for your brand, and enforce your rights in different jurisdictions.

What is a trademark office action?

A trademark office action is an official communication issued by the trademark examining attorney at the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) after reviewing a trademark application. The purpose of the office action is to inform the applicant of any issues or deficiencies found during the examination process that need to be addressed before the trademark can be approved for registration.

There are two main types of trademark office actions:

1. Non-Final Office Action: A non-final office action is the initial response from the examining attorney after reviewing the application. It highlights any substantive issues, such as potential conflicts with existing trademarks or deficiencies in the application itself. The applicant is given an opportunity to respond and make necessary amendments to the application to overcome the issues raised.
2. Final Office Action: If the applicant’s response to the non-final office action does not fully resolve the examiner’s concerns, a final office action may be issued. The final office action reiterates the outstanding issues and provides the applicant with a final opportunity to address them. The applicant must either comply with the examiner’s requirements or file an appeal or request for reconsideration.

Common reasons for receiving a trademark office action include:

– Likelihood of Confusion: The examining attorney finds that the proposed mark is similar to an existing registered or pending trademark, raising the possibility of consumer confusion.

– Descriptiveness: The mark is deemed merely descriptive of the goods or services, lacking the required distinctiveness to be eligible for registration.

– Specimen or Use Issues: The specimen submitted to demonstrate use in commerce does not meet the USPTO’s requirements, or the applicant fails to provide sufficient evidence of use.

– Incomplete or Inaccurate Information: The application contains errors, omissions, or inconsistencies that need to be corrected.

– Generic or Ornamental Mark: The proposed mark is either a generic term for the goods or services or merely ornamental in nature, making it ineligible for trademark protection.

It is essential for applicants to carefully review and understand the office action, as well as consult with a trademark attorney to develop an appropriate response. The response must address the examiner’s concerns and provide convincing arguments or evidence to support the registration of the mark.

Failure to respond to an office action within the specified time frame can result in the abandonment of the application. To avoid delays and potential pitfalls in the trademark registration process, engaging a trademark attorney can be highly beneficial. An experienced attorney can navigate the application process, handle office actions effectively, and increase the chances of successful trademark registration.

What should I do if I receive an office action on my trademark application?

Receiving an office action on your trademark application can be a common occurrence, and it’s essential to respond promptly and appropriately to address any issues raised by the examining attorney. Here are the steps you should take if you receive an office action:

1. Carefully Review the Office Action: Read the office action thoroughly to understand the specific issues or objections raised by the examining attorney. Take note of the sections and requirements that need to be addressed.
2. Seek Legal Advice: Consider consulting with a trademark attorney to review the office action and provide guidance on the best course of action. A trademark attorney can help you understand the examiner’s concerns and develop an effective response strategy.
3. Determine the Response Deadline: Office actions typically include a response deadline, usually six months from the date of issuance. Ensure you respond within the specified timeframe to avoid potential abandonment of your application.
4. Address Each Issue Separately: If the office action includes multiple issues, address each one individually and in detail. Provide clear and concise responses to each concern raised by the examining attorney.
5. Submit Necessary Amendments: If required, make necessary amendments to the application, such as clarifying the description of goods or services or providing additional evidence of use in commerce.
6. Provide Arguments and Evidence: If the examiner raised objections regarding the mark’s distinctiveness or likelihood of confusion with existing trademarks, provide strong arguments and evidence to support your case. This may include consumer surveys, evidence of extensive use, or legal arguments demonstrating the mark’s uniqueness.
7. Correct Errors or Inaccuracies: If the office action identifies errors or inaccuracies in your application, make sure to correct them accurately in your response.
8. Review the Specimen: If the examiner raised concerns about the specimen of use, ensure that the specimen complies with the USPTO’s requirements for showing proper use of the mark in commerce.
9. Submit a Complete Response: Ensure that your response is complete and addresses all issues raised in the office action. Failing to respond to any of the examiner’s concerns may result in a refusal of registration.
10. File the Response: Submit your response to the office action through the USPTO’s Trademark Electronic Application System (TEAS). Pay attention to the correct filing requirements and fee payments.
11. Follow Up: After submitting your response, monitor the status of your application to ensure that the USPTO acknowledges the receipt of your response and takes appropriate action.

Responding to an office action can be a complex and critical process in the trademark registration journey. Engaging a trademark attorney can significantly improve the likelihood of a successful response, help you overcome any challenges, and secure the registration of your trademark.

How do I enforce my trademark rights?

Enforcing your trademark rights is essential to protect your brand and prevent unauthorized use of your mark by others. If you believe that someone is infringing on your trademark or using a similar mark that could cause confusion among consumers, here are the steps you can take to enforce your trademark rights:

1. Gather Evidence: Collect evidence of the infringing use, such as examples of the unauthorized use of your mark on products, websites, advertisements, or any other promotional materials. Document the date and location of the infringing activity.
2. Consult with a Trademark Attorney: Before taking any action, consult with a trademark attorney who specializes in intellectual property law. A trademark attorney can assess the strength of your trademark rights, advise you on the best course of action, and guide you through the enforcement process.
3. Cease-and-Desist Letter: Your attorney can draft and send a cease-and-desist letter to the infringing party. This letter demands that they immediately stop using your trademark and provides a clear explanation of your rights and the potential legal consequences of continued infringement.
4. Negotiation and Settlement: In some cases, the infringing party may be willing to negotiate a resolution. This could involve them agreeing to cease the infringing use, changing their mark, or entering into a licensing agreement. Your attorney can help negotiate the terms of the settlement to protect your interests.
5. Trademark Opposition or Cancellation Proceedings: If the infringing mark is still in the application stage or has recently been registered, you can file a trademark opposition or cancellation proceeding before the USPTO. This is a formal legal process that challenges the validity of the infringing mark.
6. Litigation: If the infringement continues despite your efforts to resolve the matter amicably, you may need to consider taking legal action. Filing a trademark infringement lawsuit in federal court can be an effective way to seek damages, injunctive relief, and enforce your trademark rights.
7. Monitor and Protect: Regularly monitor the marketplace for any potential infringements or unauthorized use of your mark. Establishing a monitoring system can help you identify and address infringements promptly.

Enforcing your trademark rights is a critical aspect of protecting your brand’s reputation and goodwill. It is crucial to work with an experienced trademark attorney who can guide you through the enforcement process, ensure that your rights are protected, and help you achieve the best possible outcome. A proactive approach to enforcing your trademark rights can prevent further damage to your brand and maintain the value of your intellectual property.

Why Trademark Registration Matters for Glendale Businesses

Small business owners in Glendale, Arizona know how much work goes into launching a new venture. There’s product development, marketing, leasing space, hiring employees, and about a million other things that need to get done. However, you don’t want to overlook the trademark registration process. It’s the most important step you can take to protect your brand and your business.

Imagine the following: Dante recently moved to Glendale Arizona with dreams of opening up his own bakery. He found retail space in the Catlin Court neighborhood and immediately signed the lease. There are antique shops and boutiques in the area, plus Glendale Community College is close by, so he knows he’ll get a lot of walk-in customers.

Dante decides to name his new bakery Glendale Goodies. He knows that he can’t use that name if someone else is already using it, so he conducts a quick search on Google. No other shops with that name in Arizona pop up so he figures he’s good to go.

Dante gets to work on a business plan, designing a logo, creating a website, developing marketing materials, ordering signage for the store, and interviewing new hires. After 6 months of hard work, he’s finally ready for his grand opening.

Dante’s business is doing better than he even expected it to. The local residents love his fresh-baked breads, cakes, and muffins. Unfortunately, Dante is about to get some bad news in the form of a cease-and-desist letter in the mail.

It turns out that there’s a business in Glendale, California that has already trademarked the name Glendale Goodies. Dante limited his Google search to Arizona, so the name of the California shop never appeared on his radar.

Now, Dante must close his successful bakery and rebrand before he opens back up. That is going to be a very costly and time-consuming endeavor.

If Dante had consulted with a trademark attorney right from the start, he would not be in this predicament. The attorney would have conducted a comprehensive trademark search and would have discovered the California shop before Dante invested so much time and money into his business.

If you have questions about trademark registration, then contact the attorneys at Cohn Legal for a no-cost trademark consultation.

** Cohn Legal, PLLC is not located in Glendale and yet it can assist businesses from Arizona in registering a federal Trademark because trademarks are governed under federal law.

Trademarks Services for Glendale Businesses

• Trademark Search Services
• Trademark Application Filing
• Trademark Infringement Defense
• Trademark a Name
• Trademark a Phrase
• Trademark Cease and Desist Letters
• Trademark Office Action Response
• Trademark Abandonment