Trademark Attorney Services
for Indianapolis IN
Companies.

Indianapolis, Indiana Businesses Use Cohn Legal for Trademark Services

Cohn Legal, PLLC specializes in intellectual property protection and corporate law for startups, entrepreneurs, and small business owners. Serving clients in Indianapolis, Indiana, our trademark attorneys absolutely love helping companies protect their brand names and logos. Abe Cohn is the Managing Partner of Cohn Legal and relishes the opportunity to help companies build their business from the ground up.

Top Questions Indiana Businesses Have About Obtaining a Trademark

If I Only Provide My Services in Indianapolis, Indiana, Can I Still Obtain a Federal Trademark?

This is an excellent question. Ultimately, to obtain a federal trademark, it must be used in “interstate-commerce” meaning that your services must be provided in at least two States. If you are presently only providing your services in Indianapolis, Indiana, we can simply file an Intent to Use application; The intent-to-use application allows the applicant to reserve the right to use the trademark once it is ready to be used in inter-state-commerce.

What is a trademark?

A trademark is a distinctive symbol, word, phrase, design, or combination thereof used to identify and distinguish the goods or services of one entity from those of others in the marketplace. It serves as a valuable tool for branding and helps consumers identify and associate products or services with a particular source of origin. Trademarks can include brand names, logos, slogans, and even distinctive packaging.

In the legal context, trademarks offer protection against unauthorized use of similar marks that could lead to confusion among consumers. This protection allows businesses to establish and maintain their reputation and goodwill in the market. By registering a trademark, a business gains exclusive rights to use that mark in connection with the goods or services it represents, and it can take legal action against others who attempt to use similar marks without permission.

Trademarks play a crucial role in building brand recognition, fostering consumer trust, and differentiating products or services from competitors in the market. They are an essential asset for businesses of all sizes and industries, helping them establish a unique identity and maintain a competitive edge.

Is there a difference between a trademark and service mark?

Yes, there is a distinction between a trademark and a service mark, although both serve similar purposes in terms of brand protection. A trademark is used to identify and distinguish goods, such as physical products, while a service mark is used to identify and distinguish services provided by a business.

In other words, a trademark is associated with tangible products that a company offers for sale, such as clothing, electronics, or food items. On the other hand, a service mark is linked to intangible services that a business provides, such as consulting, legal services, or entertainment services.

Legally, the protection and registration processes for trademarks and service marks are quite similar. Both involve ensuring the mark is distinctive and not likely to cause confusion with existing marks in the same class of goods or services. Both trademarks and service marks can be registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) to gain exclusive rights to their use.

Whether a business should apply for a trademark or a service mark depends on the nature of the offerings. It’s important to properly classify the goods or services when applying for protection to ensure that the mark is accurately categorized. Whether it’s a tangible product or an intangible service, the ultimate goal is to establish a unique brand identity and protect it from unauthorized use by others in the marketplace.

What’s the difference between the ® and TM symbols?

The ® symbol and the TM symbol are used to indicate the trademark status of a particular mark, but they have different legal implications and meanings.

1. ® Symbol (Registered Trademark): The ® symbol signifies that a trademark has been officially registered with the relevant trademark office, such as the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). This symbol is used exclusively for trademarks that have completed the registration process and have been approved by the trademark authority. It indicates that the owner of the mark holds exclusive rights to its use for the specified goods or services, and unauthorized use of the mark can result in legal action.
2. TM Symbol (Trademark): The TM symbol is used to indicate that a business is claiming rights to a particular mark, even if it has not been officially registered. It’s a way of putting others on notice that the mark is being used as a trademark, indicating the source of goods or services. The TM symbol is used without the need for formal registration and can be applied to any mark that a business uses as a brand identifier.

While the ® symbol offers stronger legal protection and exclusivity, using the TM symbol is a way for businesses to start asserting their branding rights before their mark is formally registered. Once a mark is registered, businesses can switch from using the TM symbol to the ® symbol to reflect its official registered status.

It’s important to note that the ® symbol should not be used until the mark has been successfully registered by the appropriate trademark office. Unauthorized use of the ® symbol when a mark is not registered can lead to legal issues. Conversely, the TM symbol can be used freely by businesses to indicate their intent to establish and protect their brand identity, whether or not they have initiated the formal registration process.

How can I determine if a trademark is available?

Determining the availability of a trademark involves conducting a comprehensive search to ensure that the desired mark is not already in use by another party in a way that could lead to confusion among consumers. This step is crucial to avoid potential legal disputes and infringement issues down the line. Here’s how you can go about it:

1. Online Search: Start by conducting a thorough online search using search engines, social media platforms, and online business directories. Look for any existing businesses, products, or services that might have a similar or identical name or mark.
2. USPTO Database: Search the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) database to see if there are any registered or pending trademarks that resemble your desired mark. The USPTO’s online search tool can help you find marks that are registered for similar goods or services.
3. Trademark Databases: Besides the USPTO, there are various commercial trademark databases available that provide comprehensive information on registered and pending trademarks. These databases offer more extensive search capabilities and may cover international trademarks as well.
4. Domain Name Search: Check the availability of domain names that match your desired mark. A domain name that matches your mark can potentially cause confusion among online consumers.
5. Common Law Search: Keep in mind that not all trademarks are registered. Some businesses may have established common law rights to a mark through consistent use, even without formal registration. Therefore, it’s essential to search for unregistered but potentially conflicting marks as well.
6. Consult Professionals: Consider enlisting the help of a trademark attorney or a professional trademark search service. They have access to specialized tools and expertise to conduct in-depth searches and provide a more comprehensive analysis of the trademark landscape.

Once you’ve conducted a thorough search and determined that your desired trademark is available, you can proceed with the registration process. Registering a trademark provides stronger legal protection and exclusivity for your brand, helping you establish a unique identity in the marketplace and avoid potential conflicts with other businesses.

Do I need to sell a product or service to obtain a registered trademark?

No, you don’t necessarily need to be selling a product or service at the time of applying for a registered trademark. Trademark registration is based on your intent to use a mark in commerce, meaning you plan to use the mark in connection with the sale of goods or services in the future. This concept is known as “intent-to-use” (ITU) trademark application.

When you file an ITU application, you’re essentially reserving the rights to that mark for a specific category of goods or services. This approach allows you to secure your desired mark before you start selling or providing the associated goods or services.

However, it’s important to note that you will need to demonstrate actual use of the mark in commerce before the trademark can be fully registered. After filing an ITU application and receiving approval from the trademark office, you’ll need to provide evidence of the mark’s use in commerce. This usually involves submitting a “Statement of Use” along with specimens that show the mark being used on the goods or in connection with the services you specified in the application.

The option of filing an ITU application is advantageous because it allows you to secure your rights to the mark while you’re still in the planning or development stages of your business. It provides a level of protection and prevents others from adopting a similar mark in the same category of goods or services. Once your mark is successfully registered and you’ve demonstrated use in commerce, you’ll have stronger legal grounds to protect your brand identity and enforce your rights against potential infringers.

It’s recommended to consult with a trademark attorney to navigate the nuances of intent-to-use applications, the evidence of use requirement, and the overall trademark registration process to ensure that you’re effectively safeguarding your brand.

If I only provide my services locally, can I still obtain a federal trademark?

Yes, you can obtain a federal trademark even if you provide your services only locally. Trademark registration is not limited to businesses that operate nationally or internationally; it’s applicable to businesses of all sizes, including those that operate within a specific geographic region.

When applying for a federal trademark, you need to specify the geographic scope of your services. If your services are limited to a particular locality or region, you can define that in your application. This allows you to secure trademark protection for your brand within the area you serve.

For instance, if you’re a local law firm providing legal services in a specific city or state, you can file for a federal trademark that covers that geographic area. This means that you’ll have exclusive rights to your mark within your defined service area, and others won’t be able to use a confusingly similar mark for similar services in that region.

It’s worth noting that while federal registration provides stronger protection and legal advantages, you also have common law rights to your mark by virtue of using it in your local market. However, registering your trademark federally can offer benefits such as nationwide notice of your claim to the mark, the ability to use the ® symbol, and the presumption of validity in legal disputes.

Whether you operate locally or have broader aspirations, trademark protection can help you build a distinctive brand identity and prevent potential conflicts with other businesses. Consulting a trademark attorney is recommended to ensure you navigate the registration process effectively and make the most informed decisions for your business’s unique situation.

Should I wait until I begin business operations to file my trademark application?

No, you should not wait until you begin business operations before filing your trademark application. In order to protect your business, you should file a trademark application once you’ve decided on a business name or logo. Once it’s registered, then you can feel confident investing in your brand.

What should I register first: the name of my business or my brand logo?

Deciding whether to register the name of your business or your brand logo first depends on several factors, including your business goals, branding strategy, and the distinctiveness of each element. Both the business name and the logo can be registered as trademarks, but the order in which you register them may vary based on your priorities.

Registering the Business Name:

• If your business name is distinctive, unique, and central to your branding strategy, you might consider registering it as a trademark first.
• Registering the business name gives you exclusive rights to use that name in connection with your goods or services, regardless of whether it’s used with a logo or on its own.
• It provides protection for your core brand identity and prevents others from using a similar name that could lead to confusion.

Registering the Brand Logo:

• If your brand logo is particularly distinctive and memorable, and you want to establish a strong visual identity, you might prioritize registering the logo.
• A logo can be a powerful tool for brand recognition and differentiation, especially if it includes unique design elements, colors, or graphics.
• Registering the logo ensures that others can’t use a similar logo that could potentially dilute your brand’s visual impact.

In some cases, businesses choose to register both the name and the logo simultaneously to ensure comprehensive protection for their brand. The decision ultimately depends on your business’s branding strategy and the elements that hold the most significance for your identity.

Before making a decision, it’s advisable to conduct thorough trademark searches to ensure that your chosen business name and logo are available for registration. Consulting with a trademark attorney can help you understand the legal implications and strategic considerations associated with registering your business name, logo, or both. This way, you can make an informed decision that aligns with your business goals and helps you establish a strong and legally protected brand identity.

Does my business need more than one trademark?

If you are domiciled outside of the United States, then you must be represented at the USPTO by an attorney who is licensed to practice law in the United States. In fact, you may not even need to appear before the USPTO yourself as long as you have a U.S.-licensed attorney representing you.

If you are domiciled in the United States, then you don’t need to be represented by an attorney for any matters that pertain to the USPTO. You have the right to represent yourself. However, it is in your best interests to hire a U.S.-licensed attorney who specializes in trademark law.

What is a fanciful trademark?

A fanciful trademark is a type of trademark that is inherently distinctive and holds a strong level of protection under trademark law. Fanciful trademarks are unique, made-up words or symbols that have no existing meaning or relevance before they are used as trademarks. These marks are coined solely for the purpose of representing a particular product, service, or business.

The distinctiveness of fanciful trademarks lies in their originality and lack of connection to any existing language or commonly understood terms. Because they are created solely for branding purposes, fanciful marks are strong indicators of the source of goods or services. They are less likely to be confused with existing marks and are therefore afforded a high level of legal protection.

Examples of fanciful trademarks include coined words like “Xerox” for photocopiers, “Kodak” for cameras, and “Google” for online search services. These marks have no prior meaning or context before they were introduced as brands, making them uniquely identifiable and associated with specific companies or products.

Fanciful trademarks are at the top end of the spectrum in terms of trademark strength, followed by arbitrary trademarks (existing words used in unrelated contexts) and suggestive trademarks (marks that hint at the nature of the goods or services). When choosing a trademark, opting for a fanciful mark can offer strong legal protection and help you build a distinctive brand identity that is more likely to stand out in the marketplace. It’s recommended to consult with a trademark attorney to determine the best strategy for selecting and protecting a suitable fanciful trademark for your business.

Is there a difference between a fanciful trademark and an arbitrary trademark?

Fanciful trademarks are marks that are usually made up or invented. An example of a fanciful trademark would be Exxon or Pepsi. Neither word has meaning outside of its use as a brand name of a specific product.

An arbitrary mark is a mark that has a meaning on its own, but it’s applied to a particular product that’s unrelated to that meaning. An example would be Apple. An apple is the generic name of a fruit, but when applied to a technology company, it has no particular meaning. Another example is Peter Pan. Peter Pan is the name of a character in a book, but when applied to peanut butter, it has no particular meaning and is therefore considered to be distinctive.

What is TEAS?

TEAS stands for “Trademark Electronic Application System,” which is an online platform provided by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) for filing and managing trademark applications. TEAS allows individuals and businesses to submit their trademark applications, respond to office actions, and manage their trademark registrations electronically.

There are several versions of TEAS, each catering to different types of trademark applications and needs:

1. TEAS Plus: This version offers a lower filing fee in exchange for adhering to specific requirements, such as using pre-approved descriptions of goods and services and agreeing to electronic communication.
2. TEAS Reduced Fee: A slightly less stringent version that requires certain applicant-generated descriptions of goods and services.
3. TEAS Regular: This version offers more flexibility in terms of descriptions and allows for some manual input, but with a slightly higher filing fee compared to TEAS Plus.
4. TEAS RF: Used for submitting renewal and post-registration maintenance filings.

TEAS streamlines the trademark application process by allowing applicants to submit documents, make payments, and receive communications from the USPTO electronically. It also provides real-time tracking of application status and notifications, making it easier to stay informed about the progress of your trademark application.

Using TEAS can expedite the application process and reduce the potential for errors commonly associated with paper-based submissions. However, understanding the different versions of TEAS and the requirements for each can be complex. Many individuals and businesses find it beneficial to work with a trademark attorney who is experienced in using the TEAS system to ensure accurate and efficient filing.

In essence, TEAS is a user-friendly online platform that simplifies the trademark application process, allowing applicants to navigate the legalities of trademark registration with greater ease and confidence.

Is there a fee associated with submitting a trademark application through TEAS?

TEAS stands for the Trademark Electronic Application System. TEAS is available 24/7 for you to submit your trademark application and pay the associated fees online. There are 3 different types of trademark applications, each with its own fee.

1. The TEAS Plus Filing option is $250 per class of goods or services.
2. The TEAS Reduced Fee option is $350 per class of goods or services.

Speak with an experienced trademark attorney to determine which filing option is best for you.

How long does the trademark application process take?

The timeline for the trademark application process can vary widely depending on several factors, including the type of application, the accuracy of the submission, the complexity of the mark, and the current workload of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). On average, however, the process can take anywhere from several months to over a year to complete.

Here’s a general breakdown of the trademark application process and the time it may take at each stage:

1. Application Review: Once you submit your trademark application, the USPTO will review it for completeness and accuracy. This initial review typically takes a few weeks to a few months.
2. Examination: If the application is complete and accurate, it moves to the examination phase. During examination, a trademark examiner reviews the application for compliance with trademark law and assesses whether there are any conflicting marks. This phase can take several months, especially if there are any issues that need to be addressed.
3. Office Actions: If the examiner identifies any issues with the application, they will issue an “office action” detailing the concerns. You’ll have a set period (usually around 6 months) to respond to the office action. This back-and-forth communication can extend the process.
4. Publication: If the examiner approves the application, it is published in the Official Gazette, a weekly publication by the USPTO. This allows third parties to oppose the registration if they believe it will harm their existing rights. The publication period lasts 30 days, during which oppositions may be filed.
5. Registration: If no opposition is filed (or if an opposition is resolved in your favor), and assuming there are no other issues, the mark proceeds to registration. At this point, you may need to provide evidence of actual use of the mark in commerce, if you initially filed based on an intent-to-use.

The above timeline is a general guideline, and the actual duration can vary. Delays can occur if the application encounters issues during examination, if office actions require multiple rounds of responses, or if oppositions are filed. It’s important to monitor the progress of your application and promptly respond to any communications from the USPTO to avoid unnecessary delays.

Working with a trademark attorney who is familiar with the application process can help you navigate potential challenges and ensure that your application moves smoothly through each phase, potentially expediting the overall process.

How long does a trademark last?

Once your trademark is registered, it doesn’t last indefinitely; you need to maintain it to keep your rights intact. In the United States, trademark registrations can last indefinitely as long as you continue to use the mark in commerce and meet certain renewal requirements.

Initially, a trademark registration provides protection for a period of ten years from the date of registration. However, between the fifth and sixth year of registration, you are required to file a Declaration of Use under Section 8 of the Lanham Act to affirm that your mark is still in use. If you also have a registration based on an intent-to-use application, you’ll need to file an Allegation of Use at this time.

After the initial ten-year period, you can renew your trademark registration for additional ten-year periods by filing a combined Declaration of Use and Application for Renewal under Section 9 of the Lanham Act. This renewal process can be repeated indefinitely as long as you continue to use the mark in commerce and meet the renewal requirements.

It’s crucial to be aware of renewal deadlines and to keep track of when your trademark registration is up for renewal. Failing to renew your registration can result in the loss of your trademark rights. Maintaining a trademark registration provides ongoing protection for your brand identity, prevents others from using similar marks, and allows you to continue building and benefiting from your brand’s reputation.

To ensure that you meet all renewal and maintenance requirements for your trademark, consider working with a trademark attorney or using trademark management software to keep track of important dates and tasks associated with your registration. This proactive approach will help you maintain the value and legal protection of your trademark over the long term.

Can I use a trademark without registering it?

Yes, you can use a trademark without registering it. In fact, trademark rights can be established through common law use, meaning that by using a mark in commerce, you gain certain rights to that mark even without formal registration. These rights are generally limited to the geographic area where you’ve been using the mark and the specific goods or services you’ve been offering.

Using a trademark without registering it provides you with what’s known as common law rights. These rights include the ability to prevent others in your geographic region from using a confusingly similar mark in a way that could cause consumer confusion. However, common law rights have limitations compared to registered trademark rights. Here are a few key points to consider:

1. Limited Protection: Common law rights are limited to the specific geographic area where you’ve been using the mark and the goods or services you’ve associated with it. This means that your protection may not extend beyond your local market.
2. Proof of Prior Use: If a dispute arises, you may need to provide evidence of your prior use of the mark to establish your common law rights. This can be more challenging than relying on a registered trademark.
3. Less Notice: Common law rights don’t provide the same level of nationwide notice as registered trademarks. Others may not be aware of your rights, which could lead to inadvertent infringement.
4. Limited Remedies: Remedies available for enforcing common law rights may be more limited compared to registered trademarks. Registering a trademark provides stronger legal remedies in case of infringement.

While you can use a trademark without registering it, obtaining federal registration offers numerous advantages, including stronger legal protection, nationwide notice of your claim, the ability to use the ® symbol, and easier enforcement against potential infringers. If you’re serious about protecting your brand and building a strong foundation for future growth, seeking federal trademark registration is recommended. An experienced trademark attorney can guide you through the process and help you make informed decisions about protecting your intellectual property.

Am I required to hire a U.S.-licensed attorney to represent me at the USPTO?

Yes, the USPTO requires that you have a product or service that is in commerce or you intend to be in commerce before filing a trademark application. The USPTO won’t allow you to arbitrarily trademark a name, design, or logo without a product, service, or business to attach it to.

When should I hire a trademark lawyer?

Hiring a trademark lawyer is a wise decision at various stages of your business’s development and branding efforts. Here are some key scenarios where seeking the expertise of a trademark attorney can be beneficial:

1. Trademark Search and Selection: Before you invest time and resources into a brand name or logo, a trademark lawyer can conduct a comprehensive search to ensure that your chosen mark is available and doesn’t infringe on existing trademarks. Their expertise can help you avoid potential legal issues in the future.
2. Trademark Application: Filing a trademark application involves legal intricacies and specific requirements. A trademark attorney can help you prepare and submit a well-drafted application that maximizes your chances of approval and avoids common pitfalls.
3. Office Actions: If your trademark application receives an office action (an official letter from the USPTO requesting clarification or addressing issues), a trademark attorney can help you understand the issues and formulate a strong response that addresses the concerns effectively.
4. Trademark Strategy: A trademark lawyer can assist in developing a comprehensive trademark strategy for your business, including evaluating the distinctiveness of your marks, determining the best classes for registration, and ensuring alignment with your overall business goals.
5. Enforcement and Litigation: If your trademark rights are being infringed upon or if you need to defend against infringement claims, a trademark lawyer can guide you through the enforcement process, including sending cease and desist letters or representing you in legal disputes.
6. International Expansion: If you plan to expand your business internationally, a trademark attorney with expertise in international trademark law can help you navigate the complexities of protecting your brand in different jurisdictions.
7. Portfolio Management: If you have multiple trademarks or plan to develop a portfolio of marks, a trademark lawyer can help you manage and maintain your portfolio effectively, ensuring timely renewals and ongoing protection.
8. Brand Licensing and Contracts: If you plan to license your trademark to other parties or enter into agreements involving your intellectual property, a trademark lawyer can draft and review contracts to protect your interests.

In general, hiring a trademark lawyer early in your business journey can help you avoid costly legal issues down the line. They can provide you with tailored advice, ensure that your trademark strategy is aligned with your business goals, and offer guidance on how to effectively protect and enforce your brand identity.

In what ways can a trademark attorney help small business owners?

A trademark attorney can help small business owners in several ways. For example, if you’re a small business owner, a trademark attorney can:

1. Help you understand your trademark rights and how to enforce them.
2. File trademark applications for your business name, logo, and other pieces of intellectual property on your behalf.
3. Provide counsel if you discover other parties are infringing on your trademark.
4. Represent you in all trademark litigation matters.
5. Ensure that all required trademark renewal documents are timely and accurately filed, so you are never at risk of losing your mark.

Is it ever too late for me to hire a trademark attorney?

You should always hire a trademark attorney as early in the process as possible. That being said, It’s never too late for you to hire a trademark attorney. There’s plenty an attorney can assist with no matter where you are in the process.

For example, an attorney can help you determine what to do if your trademark application is rejected. Once your mark is registered, an attorney can monitor the market for any instances of infringement. An attorney can also represent you in court if needed. And, of course, a trademark attorney can be contacted for general questions and advice about trademark registration.

What is a trademark’s specimen?

A trademark specimen, also known as a “specimen of use,” is a sample or representation of how your trademark is actually used in commerce. It’s a tangible way to demonstrate that you are actively using the mark to identify your goods or services in the marketplace. Specimens play a crucial role in the trademark application process, particularly for proving that your mark is being used in commerce as required by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).

The type of specimen you need to submit depends on whether your mark is used in connection with goods or services:

• Goods Specimen: If your mark is used in connection with physical products, your specimen could be a label, packaging, a tag attached to the goods, or a photograph showing the mark on the goods themselves.
• Services Specimen: If your mark is used in connection with services, your specimen could be a brochure, a website screenshot showing the mark in relation to the services offered, an advertisement, or a business card.

The key is to provide evidence that clearly demonstrates how the mark is used in the ordinary course of trade to identify your goods or services. The specimen should show the mark as you intend it to be registered, and it should match the goods or services you’ve specified in your application.

The USPTO places significant importance on the accuracy and appropriateness of specimens, as they verify that your mark is actually being used as a source identifier in commerce. Submitting incorrect or inadequate specimens can result in delays or even refusal of your trademark application.

Working with a trademark attorney can be valuable in ensuring that your specimens meet the USPTO’s requirements and that your application accurately reflects your mark’s use. They can guide you through the process and help you select the best specimens to strengthen your application.

Can I request an expedited approval of my trademark registration?

Yes, you can request expedited processing of your trademark application under certain circumstances. The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) offers an option called the “TEAS Plus Request for Expedited Examination” (also known as the “TEAS RF” option), which allows applicants to expedite the examination process for their trademark application.

To be eligible for expedited examination, you need to meet specific criteria outlined by the USPTO. Generally, you need to show that there are extraordinary circumstances that require expedited processing, such as pending litigation, potential infringement, or a need to secure a trademark quickly for a business launch or investment.

When you submit a TEAS RF request, you need to provide a statement explaining the extraordinary circumstances and the reason for the expedited processing request. You also need to pay an additional fee for expedited examination. If the USPTO approves your request, your application will be placed ahead of non-expedited applications in the examination queue, potentially accelerating the overall process.

It’s important to note that the USPTO reviews expedited examination requests carefully to ensure they meet the criteria. Not all requests are granted, and approval is at the discretion of the USPTO. If your request is not approved, your application will proceed through the regular examination process.

Before requesting expedited examination, consider consulting a trademark attorney to determine whether your circumstances meet the requirements and to ensure that your request is properly prepared. They can help you navigate the process and maximize your chances of receiving expedited processing if it’s appropriate for your situation.

Can I trademark a phrase?

Yes, you can trademark a phrase under certain conditions. A phrase can be eligible for trademark protection if it meets the legal requirements for trademark registration. To successfully trademark a phrase, it needs to be distinctive, used to identify the source of goods or services, and not likely to cause confusion with existing marks.

Here are a few factors to consider when seeking to trademark a phrase:

1. Distinctiveness: The phrase should be unique and distinctive, meaning it’s not a common phrase used in everyday language. Fanciful phrases, arbitrary phrases, or suggestive phrases that have a unique meaning in the context of your goods or services are generally more likely to receive trademark protection.
2. Source of Origin: The phrase should be used to identify and distinguish your goods or services from those of others. It should serve as a brand identifier and not merely describe the goods or services themselves.
3. Likelihood of Confusion: Your phrase should not be confusingly similar to existing trademarks in the same class of goods or services. Conduct a thorough trademark search to ensure that your desired phrase is available for registration.
4. Use in Commerce: To obtain federal trademark registration, you need to provide evidence of the phrase’s use in commerce. This can include showing how the phrase is used on product labels, packaging, advertisements, or websites.
5. Non-Descriptive: Avoid using phrases that directly describe the characteristics or qualities of your goods or services. Descriptive phrases may have a harder time receiving trademark protection.
6. Secondary Meaning: If your phrase is not inherently distinctive, you might be able to establish trademark rights through “secondary meaning.” This means that the phrase has acquired distinctiveness over time due to extensive and exclusive use.

Trademarking a phrase can be a complex process, and it’s advisable to consult with a trademark attorney who can help you assess the distinctiveness of your phrase, conduct a thorough trademark search, and navigate the application process. They can guide you in ensuring that your chosen phrase meets the legal requirements and is well-positioned for trademark protection.

Can I trademark a logo?

Yes, you can absolutely trademark a logo. A logo is a visual representation of your brand, and trademark protection ensures that others cannot use a similar logo that might lead to consumer confusion. To successfully trademark a logo, you need to follow the same basic principles as trademarking other types of marks, such as words or phrases.

Here are the key considerations when trademarking a logo:

1. Distinctiveness: Like any trademark, the logo should be distinctive and not likely to be confused with existing trademarks. Unique, creative, and original logos are more likely to receive trademark protection.
2. Use as a Source Identifier: The logo should be used to identify and distinguish your goods or services from those of others. It serves as a visual identifier of the source of the products or services.
3. Likelihood of Confusion: Your logo should not be confusingly similar to existing logos or trademarks in the same category of goods or services. Conduct a comprehensive trademark search to ensure your logo is available for registration.
4. Use in Commerce: To obtain federal trademark registration, you need to provide evidence of the logo’s use in commerce. This might include showing the logo on product packaging, labels, advertising materials, or websites.
5. Non-Functional: Your logo should not be purely functional, meaning it doesn’t serve a utilitarian purpose. Logos that are primarily functional might not be eligible for trademark protection.
6. Design Elements: Be aware that logos can include a combination of design elements, colors, and text. Each element contributes to the overall distinctiveness and brand identity.

When trademarking a logo, it’s recommended to work with a trademark attorney who can guide you through the application process. They can help ensure that your logo meets the legal requirements for trademark protection, conduct a thorough search to assess potential conflicts, and help you navigate the complexities of trademark law to safeguard your brand identity effectively.

Can I trademark a color?

Yes, you can potentially trademark a color under specific circumstances, but it’s important to note that trademarking a color is more challenging than trademarking other types of marks. In order to successfully trademark a color, the color must have acquired “secondary meaning” and be associated exclusively with your brand in the minds of consumers.

Here are the key factors to consider when attempting to trademark a color:

1. Distinctiveness: The color must be distinctive and not commonly associated with the type of goods or services you offer. Colors that are functional, commonly used, or necessary for the product or service may have a harder time receiving trademark protection.
2. Secondary Meaning: To successfully trademark a color, you need to demonstrate that the color has acquired secondary meaning in the minds of consumers. This means that consumers recognize the color as uniquely identifying your brand and its products or services.
3. Exclusivity: Your use of the color must be exclusive, meaning that other competitors are not using the same color in a similar way to identify their goods or services.
4. Evidence: Providing evidence of consumer recognition and association between the color and your brand is crucial. This could include surveys, market research, advertising materials, and documentation of how the color is used in connection with your goods or services.
5. Goods or Services: The color must be used to identify and distinguish specific goods or services. It cannot be a generic color that is commonly associated with a type of product.

Notable examples of trademarked colors include the distinctive blue used by Tiffany & Co. for its jewelry boxes and the brown used by UPS for its delivery vehicles.

Due to the complexities involved in trademarking a color, it’s highly recommended to work with a trademark attorney who has experience with non-traditional trademarks. They can help you assess the viability of trademarking a color, guide you through the application process, and provide expert advice on building a strong case for secondary meaning and exclusivity.

Can I transfer my trademark to someone else?

Yes, you can transfer ownership of your trademark to someone else. This process is known as a trademark assignment. A trademark assignment involves the legal transfer of all rights and ownership of a trademark from one party (the assignor) to another party (the assignee).

Here are the key steps and considerations when transferring your trademark to someone else:

1. Agreement: Both parties need to agree on the terms of the transfer, including the specific rights being transferred, any restrictions, and any financial considerations involved in the assignment.
2. Document: Prepare a written assignment agreement that outlines the terms of the transfer. This agreement should be signed by both the assignor and the assignee.
3. Recordation: While recording an assignment with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is not mandatory, it is highly recommended. Recording the assignment provides public notice of the transfer and helps protect the rights of the assignee. The USPTO provides specific forms for recording assignments.
4. Payment: There may be fees associated with recording the assignment with the USPTO. Be sure to check the current fee schedule on the USPTO website.
5. Notify Others: If your trademark is in use and is associated with existing licenses, contracts, or agreements, you may need to notify the other parties involved about the transfer. This can ensure a smooth transition and prevent potential disputes.
6. Continued Use: Ensure that the assignee is aware of the terms and conditions of the trademark and will continue using it as intended. The assignee becomes the new owner of the trademark rights and is responsible for maintaining and protecting the mark.

It’s important to note that transferring a trademark requires careful consideration and legal documentation to ensure that the transfer is valid and enforceable. Consulting with a trademark attorney is recommended to guide you through the assignment process, draft the necessary documents, and ensure that all legal requirements are met. This way, you can facilitate a seamless and legally sound transfer of your trademark rights.

Can I license my trademark to others?

Yes, you can license your trademark to others through a trademark licensing agreement. Trademark licensing allows you to grant another party (the licensee) the right to use your trademark in connection with specific goods or services, while you, as the licensor, retain ownership and control over the mark.

Here are the key steps and considerations when licensing your trademark:

1. Agreement: Prepare a written trademark licensing agreement that outlines the terms and conditions of the license. This agreement should detail the scope of the license, the specific goods or services covered, the duration of the license, quality control standards, royalties or fees, and any restrictions.
2. Quality Control: As the trademark owner, you have a responsibility to maintain the quality and reputation associated with your mark. Your licensing agreement should include provisions that ensure you have the right to monitor and control the quality of the goods or services provided by the licensee.
3. Recordation: While not mandatory, recording the trademark licensing agreement with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) provides additional legal protection and can help prevent disputes in the future.
4. Royalties: If you choose to charge royalties or fees for the use of your trademark, clearly outline the payment terms in the licensing agreement.
5. Territory: Specify the geographical territory in which the licensee is allowed to use the trademark. This can be a specific region, country, or even worldwide.
6. Duration: Define the duration of the licensing agreement, including any renewal options.
7. Termination: Clearly outline the conditions under which the licensing agreement can be terminated by either party. This can include breach of contract, failure to meet quality standards, or other specific events.
8. Enforcement: Include provisions for addressing any potential infringement or misuse of the trademark by the licensee.

Licensing your trademark can be a strategic way to generate revenue, expand your brand’s reach, and collaborate with other businesses. However, it’s essential to draft a well-crafted licensing agreement that protects your brand’s integrity and legal rights. Consulting with a trademark attorney is highly recommended to ensure that your licensing agreement is legally sound and meets your business objectives.

If my trademark is registered in the United States, is it protected in other countries as well?

No, a trademark registered in the United States is not automatically protected in other countries. Trademark rights are territorial, which means that a trademark registration granted in one country only provides protection within the borders of that country. If you wish to protect your trademark in other countries, you need to pursue trademark registration in each individual country where you seek protection.

To expand the protection of your trademark internationally, you have a few options:

1. National Filings: You can file separate trademark applications in each country where you want protection. This approach provides you with direct protection in each jurisdiction but can be time-consuming and expensive due to the need to navigate different legal systems and procedures.
2. Regional Filings: Some countries are part of regional trademark systems, such as the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) for EU member states. Filing through regional systems can simplify the process of obtaining protection in multiple countries within the region.
3. International Registration: The Madrid System for the International Registration of Marks allows trademark owners to seek protection in multiple countries by filing a single application through their home country’s trademark office. This system streamlines the process and can be cost-effective for seeking protection in multiple countries.

It’s important to note that each country has its own trademark laws and requirements, and the protection granted may vary. Therefore, it’s advisable to work with a trademark attorney who specializes in international trademark law to help you navigate the complexities of obtaining trademark protection in different countries. They can guide you in selecting the best strategy for your international expansion and ensure that your trademark rights are well-protected in the jurisdictions that matter to your business.

Is there such a thing as an “International Trademark”?

While there isn’t a single “international trademark” that provides protection worldwide, there are mechanisms and agreements that allow you to streamline the process of obtaining trademark protection in multiple countries. The most notable system is the Madrid System for the International Registration of Marks, which is administered by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).

The Madrid System allows trademark owners to seek protection in multiple countries by filing a single application through their home country’s trademark office. Here’s how it works:

1. Home Application: You first need to have a valid trademark application or registration in your home country (known as the “home application”).
2. International Application: You can then submit an international application through the Madrid System, designating the countries in which you wish to seek trademark protection. The international application is based on your home application.
3. Centralized Processing: The international application is processed by WIPO and transmitted to the designated countries’ trademark offices for examination. Each designated country reviews the application according to its own laws and procedures.
4. Individual Country Protection: If the application is approved in each designated country, you’ll receive separate trademark registrations in those countries. Each registration is subject to the laws and regulations of the respective country.

The Madrid System offers a streamlined and cost-effective way to seek trademark protection in multiple countries, as it eliminates the need to file separate applications in each jurisdiction. However, it’s important to note that not all countries are members of the Madrid System, and some countries have specific requirements and procedures for international registrations.

While the Madrid System is a significant tool for international trademark protection, there’s no universal “international trademark” that provides automatic protection worldwide. It’s advisable to work with a trademark attorney who has experience with international trademark law to navigate the complexities of the Madrid System and other options for obtaining protection in multiple countries.

What is a trademark office action?

A trademark office action is an official communication from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) that provides feedback, questions, or requests for clarification regarding your trademark application. Office actions are a normal part of the trademark registration process and can occur for various reasons, such as potential issues with the application, conflicts with existing marks, or technical deficiencies.

There are two main types of office actions:

1. Non-Final Office Action: This type of office action is issued early in the examination process. It outlines any issues with your application that need to be addressed before the USPTO can move forward with registration. Common reasons for non-final office actions include incomplete or inaccurate information, descriptions that are too vague, or potential conflicts with existing trademarks.
2. Final Office Action: If the issues identified in a non-final office action are not adequately addressed, the USPTO may issue a final office action. A final office action indicates that the USPTO believes the application cannot proceed to registration as filed. You have a limited time (usually six months) to respond to a final office action.

Office actions typically provide detailed explanations of the concerns and may request additional information or evidence. It’s crucial to carefully review the office action and understand the issues raised by the USPTO. Responding effectively to an office action requires thorough understanding of trademark law and application procedures.

In many cases, receiving an office action doesn’t mean your application will be denied. You have the opportunity to provide a well-reasoned response that addresses the USPTO’s concerns and provides evidence or arguments to support your position. If you’re uncertain about how to proceed, it’s advisable to consult with a trademark attorney who can guide you through the response process and help you overcome any obstacles identified in the office action.

What should I do if I receive an office action on my trademark application?

Receiving an office action on your trademark application is a common occurrence and shouldn’t cause undue concern. It’s important to carefully review the office action, understand the issues raised by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), and take appropriate action to address the concerns. Here’s a step-by-step guide on what to do if you receive an office action:

1. Review Carefully: Thoroughly read and understand the content of the office action. Pay close attention to the USPTO’s comments, questions, or requests for clarification.
2. Analyze the Concerns: Identify the specific issues raised by the USPTO. It could be related to the description of goods/services, the identification of the mark, potential conflicts with existing marks, or other technical matters.
3. Gather Information: Collect all relevant information, documents, and evidence that address the concerns raised in the office action.
4. Formulate a Response: Prepare a well-organized and concise response that addresses each issue raised by the USPTO. Clearly explain your position, provide evidence if necessary, and offer arguments that support your case.
5. Comply with Deadlines: Respond within the stipulated timeframe. Failure to respond within the given time could result in the abandonment of your trademark application.
6. Professional Assistance: Consider seeking assistance from a trademark attorney. They have experience in navigating the trademark application process and can provide expert guidance on responding to office actions effectively.
7. Submit Online: If possible, respond online through the Trademark Electronic Application System (TEAS). This ensures quicker processing and delivery of your response.
8. Amendments and Evidence: If the issues are related to the description of goods/services, mark representation, or conflicts with existing marks, you may need to make amendments to your application or provide additional evidence to support your claims.
9. Quality Control: If the issue pertains to the quality control of your goods or services, be sure to demonstrate that you maintain proper control to ensure consistent quality.
10. Follow Up: After submitting your response, monitor your application status for any further communications or actions from the USPTO.

Responding to an office action requires careful attention to detail and a solid understanding of trademark law. A trademark attorney can provide valuable assistance in crafting a persuasive response that increases the likelihood of your application moving forward successfully. They can also guide you through any necessary amendments and ensure that your application meets all requirements for registration.

How do I enforce my trademark rights?

Enforcing your trademark rights is crucial to protect your brand identity and prevent unauthorized use by others. If you believe someone is infringing on your trademark, here’s how you can take action to enforce your rights:

1. Gather Evidence: Collect evidence of the infringing use, such as screenshots, photos, advertisements, and any relevant documentation that demonstrates the unauthorized use of your trademark.
2. Consult a Trademark Attorney: Before taking any action, consult with a trademark attorney. They can help you evaluate the situation, determine the best course of action, and guide you through the legal process.
3. Cease and Desist Letter: Your attorney can send a cease and desist letter to the infringing party, demanding that they stop using your trademark. This letter outlines your rights, the evidence of infringement, and your intention to take legal action if they don’t comply.
4. Negotiation: In some cases, negotiation with the infringing party may lead to a resolution. This could involve discussing changes to their use of the trademark or reaching a settlement.
5. Mediation: If negotiations break down, you might consider mediation, where a neutral third party helps facilitate a resolution between you and the infringing party.
6. Legal Action: If informal methods fail, you may need to take legal action. This could involve filing a lawsuit for trademark infringement. Your attorney will guide you through the litigation process, which may include discovery, court appearances, and potentially a trial.
7. Evidence Presentation: During legal proceedings, you’ll need to present evidence of your trademark rights and the infringing party’s use of your mark. Your attorney will help build a strong case.
8. Potential Remedies: If successful, you could obtain various remedies, such as injunctive relief (forcing the infringing party to stop using your mark), damages, and legal costs.
9. Online Enforcement: If the infringement is happening online, you can utilize the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) for removing infringing content from websites and online platforms.
10. Customs Recordation: If you’re facing issues with counterfeit goods, record your trademark with U.S. Customs and Border Protection to prevent the importation of counterfeit goods.

Enforcing trademark rights requires careful legal navigation, so working with a skilled trademark attorney is essential. They can help you take appropriate steps, protect your brand, and ensure that your actions are in line with trademark laws and regulations. Remember that enforcing your rights is an ongoing effort to maintain the integrity and value of your trademark.

Why Trademark Registration Matters for Indianapolis Businesses

Indianapolis is home to iconic the world’s largest children’s museum. Its diverse population includes long-time residents, university students, and corporate professionals and home to three Fortune 500 companies, making the city a fantastic location to start a new business. Just sure to take care of trademark registration sooner rather than later. It can save you from headaches and hassles down the line.

Imagine the following: Tony is a barber who’s been working in shops in downtown Indianapolis and finally decides to strike out on his own. He finds the perfect location near Butler University to open his own barbershop. He calls his shop University Cuts and gets to work renovating the space, creating a marketing plan, interviewing barbers, and creating a website.

Tony knows that trademark registration is important, but he doesn’t want to spend the money on that right now. He decides to wait.

Tony’s shop opens up right after the fall semester starts and college kids are coming to his shop every day. Business is going better than ever. Unfortunately, Tony receives a cease-and-desist letter just 2 months after opening.

Ironically enough, there is already a shop called University Cuts located near the Martin University. They, however, registered their trademark with the USPTO. One of the owners came across Tony’s website and didn’t want there to be any confusion between the two shops. The Martin University shop owners are well within their rights to ask Tony to close his doors and rebrand. Tony isn’t sure if he can afford the unexpected expense and is afraid that he may have to close down permanently.

Don’t wait to register your trademark. Whether you’re just starting out or you’ve been in business for a while, the time to register your trademark is now.

If you have questions about trademark registration, then contact the attorneys at Cohn Legal for a no-cost trademark consultation.

** Cohn Legal, PLLC is not located in Indianapolis and yet it can assist businesses from Indiana in registering a federal Trademark because trademarks are governed under federal law.

Trademarks Services for Indianapolis Businesses

• Trademark Search Services
• Trademark Application Filing
• Trademark Infringement Defense
• Trademark a Name
• Trademark a Phrase
• Trademark Cease and Desist Letters
• Trademark Office Action Response
• Trademark Abandonment